{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:23:04Z","timestamp":1793154184081,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,21]],"date-time":"2012-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1342828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate cases of mother\u2010to\u2010child transmission of HIV\u20101 at multiple sites in Latin America and the Caribbean in terms of missed opportunities for prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant women infected with HIV\u20101 were eligible for inclusion if they were enrolled in either the NISDI Perinatal or LILAC protocols by October 20, 2009, and had delivered a live infant with known HIV\u20101 infection status after March 1, 2006.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 711 eligible mothers, 10 delivered infants infected with HIV\u20101. The transmission rate was 1.4% (95% CI, 0.7\u20132.6). Timing of transmission was in utero or intrapartum (n = 5), intrapartum (n = 2), intrapartum or early postnatal (n = 1), and unknown (n = 2). Possible missed opportunities for prevention included poor control of maternal viral load during pregnancy; late initiation of antiretrovirals during pregnancy; lack of cesarean delivery before labor and before rupture of membranes; late diagnosis of HIV\u20101 infection; lack of intrapartum antiretrovirals; and incomplete avoidance of breastfeeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early knowledge of HIV\u20101 infection status (ideally before or in early pregnancy) would aid timely initiation of antiretroviral treatment and strategies designed to prevent mother\u2010to\u2010child transmission. Use of antiretrovirals must be appropriately monitored in terms of adherence and drug resistance. If feasible, breastfeeding should be completely avoided. Presented in part at the XIX International AIDS Conference (Washington, DC; July 22\u201327, 2012); abstract WEPE163.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.05.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,21]],"date-time":"2012-07-21T10:06:35Z","timestamp":1342865195000},"page":"70-75","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Missed opportunities for prevention of mother\u2010to\u2010child transmission of HIV\u20101 in the NISDI Perinatal and LILAC cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Read","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Freimanis","family":"Hance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa M.","family":"Mussi\u2010Pinhata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Ceriotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Breno","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Succi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose H.","family":"Pilotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge O.","family":"Alarcon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regis","family":"Kreitchmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Read JS Duarte G Freimanis\u2010Hance L Pinto J Gouvea MI Cohen RA Santos B Telles E Succi R Alarcon J Stoszek SK. Cohort profile: The NICHD International Site Development Initiative perinatal cohorts (2002\u201309). Int J Epidemiol 2011;1\u20138 http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyr024.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3180618bd6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Peru.Guidelines for prevention of mother\u2010to\u2010child transmission of HIV and congenital syphilis NTS N\u00b0 064\u20132008\u2010MINSA\/DGSP\u2010V.01ftp:\/\/ftp2.minsa.gob.pe\/normaslegales\/2008\/RM335\u20102008.pdf. Published May 20 2008. Accessed March 27 2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Argentina.Prevention of mother\u2010to\u2010child transmission of syphilis hepatitis B and HIV: Recommendations for the work of health teams \u2013 2012.http:\/\/www.msal.gov.ar\/sida\/pddf\/info\u2010equipos\u2010salud\/2012\u2010guia\u2010tv.pdf. 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