{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T16:54:11Z","timestamp":1773680051166,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,8]],"date-time":"2012-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006661","name":"United Nations Population Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To carry out a large\u2010scale retrospective review of patients who had undergone surgical repair of obstetric fistula in Kenya to determine patient characteristics and determinants of successful surgical repair.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patient records of 483 surgical repairs of obstetric fistula treated by a single surgeon (H.M.) between January 2005 and July 2010 at 3 medical centers in western Kenya were retrospectively reviewed. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Young women with some primary or no education and prolonged labor at the time of first delivery were most highly correlated with obstetric fistula formation. Success of fistula closure was 86% for first\u2010time vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repairs and 67% for first\u2010time VVF combined with rectovaginal fistula (RVF) repairs. Among women who had previously attempted VVF or combined VVF\/RVF repairs, 73% and 50% of fistulas, respectively, were repaired successfully. First\u2010time repair was significantly associated with surgical success compared with patients with a history of previous repair attempts (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.027).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among Kenyan women presenting for fistula repair, fistula most was most highly correlated with a low level of education and prolonged labor. The findings are consistent with results reported from other countries in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.08.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,8]],"date-time":"2012-11-08T01:18:17Z","timestamp":1352337497000},"page":"178-182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Characteristics and surgical success of patients presenting for repair of obstetric fistula in western Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Lesley","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel F.","family":"Spitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Christoffersen\u2010Deb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Leah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hillary","family":"Mabeya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9542","key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"120","article-title":"Obstetric vesicovaginal fistula as an international public\u2010health problem","volume":"368","author":"Wall L.L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1983.tb08933.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-200507001-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","volume-title":"Health Dimensions of Sex and Reproduction: The Global Burden of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, HIV, Maternal Conditions, Perinatal Disorders, and Congenital Anomalies","author":"Murray C.J.L.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199609000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0b013e32832ae1b7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Division of Reproductive Health UNFPA Kenya.Needs Assessment of Obstetric Fistula in Kenya Final Report.http:\/\/www.endfistula.org\/webdav\/site\/endfistula\/shared\/documents\/needs%20assessments\/Kenya%20OF%20Needs%20Assessment.pdf [Published February 2004]"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01901602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70105-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(95)02350-L"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34769-7","article-title":"Retrospective review of predisposing factors and surgical outcomes in obstetric fistula patients at a single teaching hospital in Western Kenya","volume":"33","author":"McFadden E.","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Can"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","unstructured":"International Obstetric Fistula Working Group.Data Indicators and Research Group. 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