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Polymorphism of the androgen receptor (AR) gene has been associated with different androgen pattern diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review the association between AR gene polymorphism and PCOS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Search strategy<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review was performed via PUBMED, EMBASE, and LILACS (up to May 31, 2011).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Selection criteria<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies assessing the presence of the (CAG)<jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub> polymorphism of the AR gene in at least 2 comparison groups (PCOS and control). Studies that did not contain adequate information were excluded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data collection and analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study characteristics and results were analyzed. Meta\u2010analysis could not be performed because only 2 articles provided odds ratios.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Three studies reported a correlation between the polymorphism and PCOS; 2 studies linked the disorder to shorter repeats, whereas the other associated it with longer repeats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polymorphism of the AR gene seems to be a promising biomarker for PCOS because shorter repeats may be linked to the disorder. 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