{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T17:49:06Z","timestamp":1771523346730,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,7]],"date-time":"2012-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the efficacy of 5% imiquimod cream for treating vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a retrospective study, data were analyzed from 62 patients with biopsy\u2010diagnosed VIN stage I\u2013III who were treated with 5% imiquimod cream at University Hospital of Freiburg, Germany, between 2004 and 2011. Several patient and lesion characteristics were evaluated, and follow\u2010up was 3\u201372 months (median 21 months).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 62 women treated, 47 (76%) showed a complete response, 12 (19%) showed a partial response, 2 (3%) showed a weak partial response, and 1 did not respond. Disease recurrence occurred for 17 (27%) women. Recurrence rates were significantly lower among HPV\u2010positive patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.046), and among women younger than 65 years (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.030). Patients without local inflammation during treatment were less likely to show a complete response (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.049). Response rates did not depend on lesion size; however, women with large lesions required longer treatment and higher total dosages for a complete response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>5% imiquimod cream was found to be a favorable alternative to ablative treatment of VIN independently of lesion grading, appearance, and size. Patient age, HPV status, and occurrence of adverse effects significantly influenced treatment outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.09.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,7]],"date-time":"2012-12-07T12:04:51Z","timestamp":1354881891000},"page":"266-270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia with topical 5% imiquimod cream"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Westermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Clad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000210268.57527.a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","unstructured":"Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany AWMF.Diagnostic and therapy of vulvar cancer and precursor lesions: Interdisciplinary S2k Guideline.http:\/\/www.awmf.org\/uploads\/tx_szleitlinien\/015\u2010059_S2IDA_Diagnostik_und_Therapie_des_Vulvakarzinoms_und_seiner_Vorstufen_06\u20102008_09\u20102012.pdf [Published 2008]"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"613","article-title":"Trends in vulvar neoplasia. Increasing incidence of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva in young women","volume":"45","author":"Joura E.A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009309"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.01151.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02194.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072685"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2010.12.340"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.06.003"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"807","article-title":"Squamous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: 2004 modified terminology, ISSVD Vulvar Oncology Subcommittee","volume":"50","author":"Sideri M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13298.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1099","article-title":"Imiquimod and lymphatic field clearance: A new hypothesis based on a remote immune action on skin cancer","volume":"91","author":"Akkilic\u2010Materna M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.grf.0000181738.37911.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3182175a68"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890460078009","article-title":"Aging and the skin immune system","volume":"133","author":"Sunderk\u00f6tter C.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e3181d9d626"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/951250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08228-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.192"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322009001000005","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous tumors with topical 5% imiquimod cream","volume":"64","author":"Alessi S.S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729212005802?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729212005802?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2012.09.020","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2012.09.020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.09.020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T00:44:52Z","timestamp":1696380292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.09.020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,7]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.09.020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.09.020","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,7]]}}}