{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:03:26Z","timestamp":1791201806310,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]],"date-time":"2013-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine obstetric variables associated with the long\u2010term prevalence of flatal and\/or fecal incontinence among women who sustained obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a retrospective study of women who gave birth between January 1974 and December 1983 at the University Women's Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany, women with OASIS (n = 460) were identified on the basis of chart review. Eligible women were recruited to participate in a telephone interview regarding symptoms and their retrospective preference about elective cesarean delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The records of 20 999 deliveries, including all modes of delivery, within the 10\u2010year study period were reviewed, and 99 women who sustained OASIS agreed to participate. The mean follow\u2010up was 27.5 \u00b1 2.4 years. Among the participants, 39.4% reported fecal or flatal incontinence. Operative vaginal delivery (forceps and\/or vacuum) was significantly associated with fecal but not flatal incontinence (odds ratio, 3.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.12\u20139.56, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.026). Only 9% of women with flatal incontinence and 13% of women with fecal incontinence would have opted retrospectively for cesarean delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Operative vaginal delivery was significantly associated with fecal but not flatal incontinence. No other obstetric variables tested were associated with the long\u2010term prevalence of fecal or flatal incontinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.10.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,9]],"date-time":"2013-01-09T04:18:37Z","timestamp":1357705117000},"page":"74-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Fecal incontinence after obstetric anal sphincter injuries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Huebner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathanja K.","family":"Gramlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Rothmund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Nappi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Abele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000232504.32589.3b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312233292601"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204093261507","article-title":"Fecal incontinence","volume":"326","author":"Madoff R.D.","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00119-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01364.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0883-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7512"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"527","article-title":"Incontinence following rupture of the anal sphincter during delivery","volume":"82","author":"Crawford L.A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000241092.79282.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91176-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"207","article-title":"Characteristics of nulliparous women who would consider cesarean delivery on maternal request","volume":"75","author":"Schimpf M.O.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Conn Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01902378","article-title":"An ambulatory surgical procedure under local anesthesia for treatment of female urinary incontinence","volume":"7","author":"Ulmsten U.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-011-1551-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20803"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-006-0535-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000187299.75024.c4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000194063.63206.1c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.06.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.02173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","unstructured":"Andrews V Shelmeridine S Sultan AH Thakar R. 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