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The proportion of women receiving antibiotics within and across regions was determined and associated factors of prophylactic use were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 171 676 women giving birth vaginally, 47.3% received antibiotics, with half of these women receiving antibiotics during and\/or immediately after delivery for prophylaxis. Among 131 554 women given prophylactic or no antibiotics, 31.2% received prophylactic antibiotics but the rate varied among regions. Women with an operative vaginal delivery (compared with those who delivered spontaneously) and women with third\u2010 or fourth\u2010degree laceration were more likely to receive prophylactic antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibiotic use following vaginal delivery varies widely across geographic regions; however, approximately one\u2010third of women undergoing vaginal delivery without documented indication for antibiotic administration appear to have received antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.07.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]],"date-time":"2013-11-22T15:01:01Z","timestamp":1385132461000},"page":"240-243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health for antibiotics used in vaginal deliveries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Tippawan","family":"Liabsuetrakul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pisake","family":"Lumbiganon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rintaro","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Metin","family":"G\u00fclmezoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"CD007482","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis for preventing infection after cesarean section","author":"Smaill F.M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"CD008726","article-title":"Different classes of antibiotics given to women routinely for preventing infection at caesarean section","author":"Alfirevic Z.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/529210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610802054980"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"CD005125","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for third\u2010 and fourth\u2010degree perineal tear during vaginal birth","author":"Buppasiri P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"CD004455","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery","author":"Liabsuetrakul T.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70182-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68704-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61870-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.039842"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34662-X"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Incidence of postpartum infection after vaginal delivery in Viet Nam","volume":"23","author":"Ngoc N.T.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-71"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.105403"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Guidelines for operative vaginal birth. 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