{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:38:38Z","timestamp":1789180718824,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]],"date-time":"2013-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":636,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ijgo.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the treatment outcomes of women with high\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) who underwent immediate loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and those who had directed biopsies prior to subsequent LEEP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women who were referred for HSIL to 2 centers in southeast Nigeria were examined via colposcopy. Those with positive colposcopic findings were randomized to receive either immediate LEEP (see\u2010and\u2010treat group) or directed biopsies (3\u2010step group). Women with directed biopsy\u2010confirmed results underwent follow\u2010up LEEP. Overtreatment rate, cost, default rate, and cytology\u2013treatment interval were compared between the 2 groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 314 women were included in the study. The overtreatment rate was similar between the groups. Treatment cost and cytology\u2013treatment interval were significantly higher in the 3\u2010step group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001). The default rate was significantly lower in the see\u2010and\u2010treat group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001). Most (219 [69.7%]) participants preferred the see\u2010and\u2010treat approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immediate see\u2010and\u2010treat LEEP for women with HSIL in southeast Nigeria is cheaper, less time\u2010consuming, and associated with better patient compliance than the 3\u2010step management procedure. Furthermore, it does not lead to significantly higher overtreatment. The immediate see\u2010and\u2010treat approach may be ideal for the management of women with HSIL in low\u2010resource countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.07.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]],"date-time":"2013-12-04T23:13:24Z","timestamp":1386198804000},"page":"204-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["See\u2010and\u2010treat management of high\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in a resource\u2010constrained African setting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Chibuike O.","family":"Chigbu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azubuike K.","family":"Onyebuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"482","article-title":"Anxiety levels in women attending colposcopy clinics for treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a randomised trial of written and video information","volume":"108","author":"Freeman\u2010Wang T.","year":"2001","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"CD006013","article-title":"Interventions for reducing anxiety in women undergoing colposcopy","author":"Galaal K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2354.2011.01317.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.11.017"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"206","article-title":"How can the overtreatment rate of \u201csee and treat\u201d approach be reduced in women with high\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on cervical cytology?","volume":"8","author":"Kietpeerakool C.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1596-3519.102856"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2011.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-0334"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13861-5"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729213006061?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729213006061?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2013.07.040","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2013.07.040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.07.040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:14:25Z","timestamp":1696464865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.07.040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.07.040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.07.040","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"See-and-treat management of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in a resource-constrained African setting","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.07.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}