{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:45:04Z","timestamp":1787240704373,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]],"date-time":"2014-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]],"date-time":"2014-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":411,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ijgo.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of vulvodynia in Portugal and factors associated with this condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cross\u2010sectional study, an online survey was distributed by email and posted on a website and social networks. Women aged at least 18 years who were living in Portugal were eligible to complete the survey between June 1 and November 30, 2013. Participants had to have had symptoms for at least 6 months to be deemed to have vulvodynia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 1229 questionnaires were included in analyses. A total of 80 (6.5%) women had vulvodynia at the time of the survey, and 117 (9.5%) had had it previously; lifetime prevalence was 16.0%. Pregnancy and type of delivery were not associated with vulvodynia. Women who had ever taken oral contraceptives were significantly more likely to have ever had vulvodynia (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.010). Candidiasis, genital herpes, urinary tract infections, depression, and premenstrual syndrome were associated with ever having had vulvodynia (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Pain syndromes were associated with ever having had vulvodynia, especially fibromyalgia and bladder pain syndrome\n                      <jats:italic>(P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001\n                      <jats:italic>)<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Scoliosis and hysterectomy were also significantly associated (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of vulvodynia in Portugal is similar to that elsewhere. Three main groups of factors might lead to vulvodynia: local inflammatory factors, general pain susceptibility, and pelvic nerve interference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.05.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]],"date-time":"2014-07-17T12:34:17Z","timestamp":1405600457000},"page":"283-287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Prevalence of vulvodynia and risk factors for the condition in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Vieira\u2010Baptista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Lima\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cavaco\u2010Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Beires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"772","article-title":"2003 ISSVD terminology and classification of vulvodynia: a historical perspective","volume":"49","author":"Moyal\u2010Barracco M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"82","article-title":"A population\u2010based assessment of chronic unexplained vulvar pain: have we underestimated the prevalence of vulvodynia?","volume":"58","author":"Harlow B.L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Med Womens Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31825957cf"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000237102.70485.5d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.07.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","unstructured":"MonteiroH.A.D.Vulvodynia in a young university population.https:\/\/ubithesis.ubi.pt\/bitstream\/10400.6\/1483\/1\/Tese%20de%20Mestrado%20Helena%20Monteiro.pdf Published 2012. Accessed February 15 2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12210"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"181","article-title":"Risk factors for chronic pelvic pain in a cohort of primipara and secondipara at one year after delivery: association of chronic pelvic pain with autoimmune pathologies","volume":"63","author":"Driul L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Minerva Ginecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf037"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"166","article-title":"Vulvar vestibulitis in the north of Sweden. An epidemiologic case\u2010control study","volume":"42","author":"Sj\u00f6berg I.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"102","article-title":"Influence of oral contraceptive use on the risk of adult\u2010onset vulvodynia","volume":"53","author":"Harlow B.L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"issue":"101","key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101ra91","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002613","article-title":"Repeated vulvovaginal fungal infections cause persistent pain in a mouse model of vulvodynia","volume":"3","author":"Farmer M.A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"385","article-title":"Urogenital infections in relation to the occurrence of vulvodynia","volume":"54","author":"Nguyen R.H.N.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000199951.26822.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.5.320"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2012.3566"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2661"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"145","article-title":"The vestibulitis syndrome. Medical and psychosexual assessment of a cohort of patients","volume":"42","author":"Jantos M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2013.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-010-1145-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1403.1999.00023.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"Treatment of women in the United States with localized, provoked vulvodynia: practice survey of women's health physical therapists","volume":"52","author":"Hartmann D.","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31817f19b8"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","first-page":"679","article-title":"Clinical profile of vulvodynia patients. A prospective study of 300 patients","volume":"45","author":"Sadownik L.A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729214003543?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729214003543?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2014.05.020","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2014.05.020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.05.020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T18:53:01Z","timestamp":1696359181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.05.020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.05.020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.05.020","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence of vulvodynia and risk factors for the condition in Portugal","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.05.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}