{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:48:48Z","timestamp":1791881328423,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,29]],"date-time":"2015-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,29]],"date-time":"2015-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,29]],"date-time":"2015-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dr Albert S McKern Research Scholarship"},{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Senior Research Fellowship","award":["1021028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1021028"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011kf5r70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Australian Research Council Future Fellowship","award":["FT12010069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT12010069"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05mmh0f86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Dr Albert S McKern Research Scholarship"},{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Senior Research Fellowship","award":["1021028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1021028"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011kf5r70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Australian Research Council Future Fellowship","award":["FT12010069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT12010069"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05mmh0f86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ijgo.org","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp;amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether rates of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are continuing to increase and whether risk of OASIS according to mode of delivery is constant over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a retrospective population\u2010based study, data were obtained for vaginal singleton vertex deliveries at 37\u201341 weeks of pregnancy among primiparous women in New South Wales, Australia, between January 2001 and December 2011. Annual OASIS rates were determined among non\u2010instrumental, forceps, and vacuum deliveries with and without episiotomy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine adjusted odds ratios for each delivery mode category by year. Trends in adjusted odds ratios over time for each delivery category were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      OASIS occurred in 955 (4.1%) of 23 081 deliveries in 2001 and 1487 (5.9%) of 25 081 deliveries in 2011. After adjustment for known risk factors, the only delivery categories to show statistically significant increases in OASIS over the study period were non\u2010instrumental deliveries without episiotomy (linear trend\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and forceps deliveries with episiotomy (linear trend\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, OASIS rates have continued to increase. Known risk factors do not fully explain the increase in OASIS rates in non\u2010instrumental deliveries without an episiotomy and in forceps deliveries with an episiotomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,29]],"date-time":"2015-08-29T19:00:51Z","timestamp":1440874851000},"page":"260-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Obstetric anal sphincter injury rates among primiparous women with different modes of vaginal delivery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Ampt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian A.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine L.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane B.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181e2f50b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12363"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","volume-title":"Perinatal statistics series no. 28. Cat. no. PER 59","author":"Li Z.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00652.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2013.831045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003216"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","volume-title":"Australian modification (ICD\u201010\u2010AM)","author":"National Centre for Classification in Health","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2008.00980.x","article-title":"Monitoring the quality of maternity care: how well are labour and delivery events reported in population health data?","volume":"23","author":"Roberts C.L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31821d2b1d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7382.219"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"\u2018Hands off\/poised\u2019 or \u2018hands on\u2019 at birth \u2013 a survey of midwifery practice among five hospitals in Northern Sydney Local Health District. Poster Presentations. A357","volume":"51","author":"Ampt A.J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","volume-title":"Maternity \u2013 towards normal birth in NSW","author":"Kids N.S.W.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-011-1454-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","unstructured":"The Royal College of Midwives.Evidence based guidelines for midwifery\u2010led care in labour.Care of the perineum.2012.https:\/\/www.rcm.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/Care%20of%20the%20Perineum.pdf. Published 2012. Accessed May 7 2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"CD006672","article-title":"Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma","volume":"12","author":"Aasheim V.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12274"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","unstructured":"The Royal College of Midwives.Evidence based guidelines for midwifery\u2010led care in labour. Immersion in water for labour and birth.https:\/\/www.rcm.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/Immersion%20in%20Water%20%20for%20Labour%20and%20Birth_0.pdf2012 Published 2012. Accessed May 7 2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(99)00238-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000096"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.Third and fourth degree perineal tears Management (Green\u2010top Guideline No. 29).http:\/\/www.rcog.org.uk\/womens\u2010health\/clinical\u2010guidance\/management\u2010third\u2010and\u2010fourth\u2010degree\u2010perineal\u2010tears\u2010green\u2010top\u2010292015 Published 2015. Accessed May 7 2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12481"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/NB12116"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729215005378?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729215005378?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2015.06.025","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2015.06.025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.025","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.025","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:07:58Z","timestamp":1791878878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,29]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.025","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Obstetric anal sphincter injury rates among primiparous women with different modes of vaginal delivery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown copyright \u00a9 2015 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}