{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T05:37:53Z","timestamp":1740116273935,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,16]],"date-time":"2016-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,16]],"date-time":"2016-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ijgo.org","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine normal ranges for various Doppler flow velocity indices of the fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) and their trends in normal pregnancies at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective cross\u2010sectional study was conducted at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in 2015. Included women had a singleton pregnancy of 20\u201340 weeks' duration, dated using an early ultrasonography scan, and normal fetal growth. Interviews were conducted to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, followed by Doppler ultrasonography of the MCA. The resistive index, pulsatility index, systolic\u2010to\u2010diastolic ratio, and peak systolic velocity of the MCA were determined for all participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 458 pregnant women were recruited. The peak systolic velocity increased with advancing gestational age and a positive correlation of <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.725 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) was demonstrated between the peak systolic velocity and the gestational age. The resistive index, pulsatility index, and systolic\u2010to\u2010diastolic ratio of the MCA decreased with advancing gestational age in a parabolic pattern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reference curve for the peak systolic velocity increases with gestational age, whereas the other indices decrease in a parabolic pattern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.11.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,18]],"date-time":"2016-04-18T06:47:31Z","timestamp":1460962051000},"page":"135-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler indices and clinical application at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Seffah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alim","family":"Swarray\u2010Deen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1995.06010019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(89)80063-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.2.385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02573.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001063420102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00591.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.3953"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-28903-8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3181a4c2d5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10009-1205"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"502","article-title":"Comparison of Doppler studies in obstetrics with foetal outcome","volume":"87","author":"Waa S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"96","article-title":"Biophysical profile scores and resistance indices of the umbilical artery as seen in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension","volume":"83","author":"Nguku S.W.","year":"2006","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050601134926"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.152.2.6739822"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12371","article-title":"ISUOG practice guidelines: use of Doppler ultrasonography in obstetrics","volume":"41","author":"Bhide A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-8-50"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802215243"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-012-0090-7"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2002.077","article-title":"Blood flow velocity waveforms of the fetal middle cerebral artery in a normal population: reference values from 18 weeks to 42 weeks of gestation","volume":"30","author":"Bahlmann F.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-199304000-00005","article-title":"Doppler studies of deteriorating growth\u2010retarded fetuses","volume":"5","author":"Arduini D.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.11.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tog.12152"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)31020-9","article-title":"The use of fetal Doppler in obstetrics","volume":"25","author":"Gagnon R.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2005.08.015"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; 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