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The betamethasone group included twin pregnancies with preterm labor, cervical shortening, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or vaginal bleeding, and exposure to betamethasone between 23<jats:sup>+ 5<\/jats:sup> and 33<jats:sup>+ 6<\/jats:sup> weeks. The control group included twin pregnancies with no betamethasone exposure matched for length at delivery. Fetal growth and neonatal anthropometric data were analyzed by twin\u2010pair structure, dose, and gestational age (linear mixed model).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 1922 live\u2010born twin pairs (653 betamethasone group, 1269 controls) were included. Compared with controls, late\u2010preterm twins exposed to betamethasone were lighter (mean difference \u2013126 g), had a smaller head circumference (\u20130.4 cm), and a shorter body length (\u20130.8 cm) after adjustment for confounders (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Female neonates from mixed or same\u2010sex twin pairs had a lower birth weight than controls (betamethasone \u2264 16 mg: \u2013114 g; betamethasone 24 mg: \u2013124 g; betamethasone &gt; 24 mg: \u2013187 g), with no detectable improvement in neonatal morbidity (hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress, asphyxia) or mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Betamethasone reduced birth weight, head circumference, and length of female preterm neonates in twin pairs in a dose\u2010dependent manner. The neonatal mortality and morbidity were not improved by betamethasone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2016.02.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]],"date-time":"2016-05-25T02:03:11Z","timestamp":1464141791000},"page":"329-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Fetal and neonatal outcomes after term and preterm delivery following betamethasone administration in twin pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Braun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Weichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah C.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah M.","family":"Sloboda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Tutschek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Harder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim W.","family":"Dudenhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Plagemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Henrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004454.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174414000579"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.Antenatal corticosteroids to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality: Green\u2010top Guideline No. 7 October 2010https:\/\/www.rcog.org.uk\/globalassets\/documents\/guidelines\/gtg_7.pdf Published October 2010. 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