{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:00:32Z","timestamp":1770753632435,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]],"date-time":"2016-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":92,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ijgo.org","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate operative and nonoperative therapies for cesarean scar defects (CSDs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective study was conducted among patients who underwent treatment of CSDs at a hospital in Shanghai, China, between April 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. Treatment included laparoscopy (group 1), vaginal surgery (group 2), hysteroscopy (group 3), combined oral contraceptives (group 4), and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (group 5).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 142 participants, 119 patients underwent surgical repair and 23 received nonsurgical (conservative) treatment. Operation time, blood loss, and length of hospital stay reported for patients in group 3 (n = 19) were all lower than those reported for patients in group 1 (n = 86) and group 2 (n = 14; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001 for all comparisons). Patients who underwent surgery and those in group 4 (n = 18) experienced shortened menstrual periods after treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001 for all comparisons). For group 5 (n = 5), the duration of menstruation was similar before and after therapy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.89). All 32 women who desired fertility underwent laparoscopy; 12 (37.5%) became pregnant after this procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>All treatments for CSDs other than the levonorgestrel intrauterine system shortened menstrual periods. Laparoscopic surgery was effective for patients with fertility requirements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2016.04.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,2]],"date-time":"2016-07-02T12:09:11Z","timestamp":1467461351000},"page":"336-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Prospective evaluation of five methods used to treat cesarean scar defects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Xuyin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingxin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keqin","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148343"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent trends in cesarean delivery in the United States","volume":"35","author":"Menacker F.","year":"2010","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.093369","article-title":"Practice audits to reduce caesareans in a tertiary referral hospital in south\u2010western China","volume":"90","author":"Runmei M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(03)00083-8","article-title":"Cesarean scar dehiscence and irregular uterine bleeding","volume":"102","author":"Van Horenbeeck A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2013.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12537"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2012.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.890642"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2012.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2012.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.01.020"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (Mirena): An emerging tool for conservative treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding","volume":"6","author":"Dhamangaonkar P.C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Midlife Health"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; 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