{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T05:15:33Z","timestamp":1771478133850,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T19:48:55Z","timestamp":1604951335000},"page":"113660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance mixtures and gestational weight gain among mothers in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Romano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9108-4649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa G.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa N.","family":"Eliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonia M.","family":"Calafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Yolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Lanphear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000425668.87506.4c","article-title":"ACOG Committee opinion no. 548: weight gain during pregnancy","volume":"121","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13010146","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal levels of perfluoroalkyl substances in relation to gestational weight gain","volume":"13","author":"Ashley-Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib3","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls","author":"ATSDR","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.10.015","article-title":"Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and thyroid function in pregnant women and children: a systematic review of epidemiologic studies","volume":"99","author":"Ballesteros","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn301","article-title":"Optimal serum cotinine levels for distinguishing cigarette smokers and nonsmokers within different racial\/ethnic groups in the United States between 1999 and 2004","volume":"169","author":"Benowitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntp161","article-title":"Interlaboratory comparability of serum cotinine measurements at smoker and nonsmoker concentration levels: a round-robin study","volume":"11","author":"Bernert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res. : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21258","article-title":"Prenatal perfluoroalkyl substance exposure and child adiposity at 8 years of age: the HOME study","volume":"24","author":"Braun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib8","first-page":"24","article-title":"Cohort profile: the health outcomes and measures of the environment (HOME) study","volume":"46","author":"Braun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107001","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1612","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances at baseline and associations with glycemic indicators and diabetes incidence among high-risk adults in the diabetes prevention program trial","volume":"125","author":"Cardenas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s13253-014-0180-3","article-title":"Characterization of weighted quantile sum regression for highly correlated data in a risk analysis setting","volume":"20","author":"Carrico","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib11","series-title":"Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals Updated Tables, January 2019 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","author":"CDC","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.250","article-title":"Association of perfluoroalkyl substances exposure with cardiometabolic traits in an island population of the eastern Adriatic coast of Croatia","volume":"683","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.08.014","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl substances and metabolic syndrome","volume":"222","author":"Christensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3841","article-title":"Dose-response analyses using restricted cubic spline functions in public health research","volume":"29","author":"Desquilbet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108558","article-title":"Complex relationships between perfluorooctanoate, body mass index, insulin resistance and serum lipids in young girls","volume":"176","author":"Fassler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib16","first-page":"1720","volume":"16","author":"Faupel-Badger","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2012.11.006","article-title":"Do perfluoroalkyl substances affect metabolic function and plasma lipids?--Analysis of the 2007-2009, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) Cycle 1","volume":"121","author":"Fisher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104034","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanoate and risk of overweight at 20 years of age: a prospective cohort study","volume":"120","author":"Halldorsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.02.021","article-title":"Phenotypic dichotomy following developmental exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in female CD-1 mice: low doses induce elevated serum leptin and insulin, and overweight in mid-life","volume":"304","author":"Hines","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.161158","article-title":"Excess gestational weight gain is associated with child adiposity among mothers with normal and overweight prepregnancy weight status","volume":"142","author":"Hinkle","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.051706","article-title":"A weight-gain-for-gestational-age z score chart for the assessment of maternal weight gain in pregnancy","volume":"97","author":"Hutcheon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13090905","article-title":"Pre-pregnancy maternal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and gestational weight gain: a prospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Jaacks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2013.771547","article-title":"Effect of pregnancy on the levels of selected perfluoroalkyl compounds for females aged 17-39 years: data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2008","volume":"76","author":"Jain","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.10.051","article-title":"Improved selectivity for the analysis of maternal serum and cord serum for polyfluoroalkyl chemicals","volume":"1218","author":"Kato","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib25","article-title":"Association between perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and thyroid function in adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109395","article-title":"Maternal serum perfluoroalkyl substance mixtures and thyroid hormone concentrations in maternal and cord sera: the HOME Study","volume":"185","author":"Lebeaux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1816","article-title":"Association among serum perfluoroalkyl chemicals, glucose homeostasis, and metabolic syndrome in adolescents and adults","volume":"32","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002502","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl substances and changes in body weight and resting metabolic rate in response to weight-loss diets: a prospective study","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2019.08.003","article-title":"Maternal serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances during pregnancy and gestational weight gain: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children","volume":"90","author":"Marks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901165","article-title":"Exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and cholesterol, body weight, and insulin resistance in the general U.S. population","volume":"118","author":"Nelson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.11.027","article-title":"Gestational weight gain and child adiposity at age 3 years","volume":"196","author":"Oken","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2019.07.002","article-title":"Perfluorooctanoate and changes in anthropometric parameters with age in young girls in the Greater Cincinnati and San Francisco Bay Area","volume":"222","author":"Pinney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105728","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and maternal and neonatal thyroid function in the Project Viva Cohort: a mixtures approach","volume":"139","author":"Preston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2534","article-title":"Maternal plasma per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations in early pregnancy and maternal and neonatal thyroid function in a prospective birth cohort: Project Viva (USA)","volume":"126","author":"Preston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13909","article-title":"Gestational weight gain, prepregnancy body mass index and offspring attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and behaviour at age 10","volume":"123","author":"Pugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG An Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp279","article-title":"Association of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate with serum lipids among adults living near a chemical plant","volume":"170","author":"Steenland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900940","article-title":"Association of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with uric acid among adults with elevated community exposure to PFOA","volume":"118","author":"Steenland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib38","author":"SuperLearner"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4724-x","article-title":"The impact of maternal gestational weight gain on cardiometabolic risk factors in children","volume":"61","author":"Tam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib40","series-title":"Super Learner","author":"van der Laan Mark","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.10.020","article-title":"The effects of perfluorinated chemicals on adipocyte differentiation in vitro","volume":"400","author":"Watkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.06.012","article-title":"Associations between perfluoroalkyl acids (PFASs) and maternal thyroid hormones in early pregnancy: a population-based cohort study","volume":"133","author":"Webster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002727","article-title":"Environmental chemicals in pregnant women in the United States: NHANES 2003-2004","volume":"119","author":"Woodruff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.11.031","article-title":"Prenatal and childhood perfluoroalkyl substances exposures and children's reading skills at ages 5 and 8years","volume":"111","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1438463920306064?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1438463920306064?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T17:28:48Z","timestamp":1761413328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1438463920306064"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1438463920306064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660","relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-4639"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-4639","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance mixtures and gestational weight gain among mothers in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113660","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113660"}}