{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:06:24Z","timestamp":1779375984052,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 107-2314-B-016-045-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2314-B-016-045-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["105-2314-B-400-015-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105-2314-B-400-015-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["103-2314-B-400-005-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["103-2314-B-400-005-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSC102-2314-B-400-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC102-2314-B-400-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T12:09:44Z","timestamp":1613390984000},"page":"113708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exposure profiles of workers from indium tin oxide target manufacturing and recycling factories in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8962-4968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan-Ting","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Yao","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7593-695X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Yuh","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Yi","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chieh","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5054-8590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Te","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9301-0309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lih-Ann","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Huang","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saou-Hsing","family":"Liou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206380","article-title":"High levels of indium exposure relate to progressive emphysematous changes: a 9-year longitudinal surveillance of indium workers","volume":"70","author":"Amata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.11.047","article-title":"Solubility of indium-tin oxide in simulated lung and gastric fluids: pathways for human intake","volume":"579","author":"Andersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3253","article-title":"Pulmonary toxicity of indium-tin oxide production facility particles in rats","volume":"36","author":"Badding","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00020306","article-title":"Interstitial pulmonary disorders in indium-processing workers","volume":"29","author":"Chonan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200907-1022CR","article-title":"Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in workers at an indium processing facility","volume":"181","author":"Cummings","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1880","article-title":"Indium lung disease","volume":"141","author":"Cummings","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22125","article-title":"Serial evaluations at an indium-tin oxide production facility","volume":"56","author":"Cummings","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22585","article-title":"Respirable indium exposures, plasma indium, and respiratory health among indium-tin oxide (ITO) workers","volume":"59","author":"Cummings","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201407-346OC","article-title":"Early changes in clinical, functional, and laboratory biomarkers in workers at risk of indium lung disease","volume":"11","author":"Cummings","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib10","author":"Customs Port Trade Single Window"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.029124","article-title":"Exposure to hardly soluble indium compounds in ITO production and recycling plants is a new risk for interstitial lung damage","volume":"65","author":"Hamaguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.07.004","article-title":"Occupational exposure to indium: what does biomonitoring tell us?","volume":"213","author":"Hoet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.10012704","article-title":"Pulmonary fibrosis in an individual occupationally exposed to inhaled indium-tin oxide","volume":"25","author":"Homma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.45.137","article-title":"Interstitial pneumonia developed in a worker dealing with particles containing indium-tin oxide","volume":"45","author":"Homma","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(69)90142-9","article-title":"Binding of trace amounts of ionic indium-113m to plasma transferrin","volume":"24","author":"Hosain","year":"1969","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib16","series-title":"Indium Tin Oxide. , Welding, Molybdenum Trioxide, and Indium Tin Oxide","first-page":"283","author":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"The inhalation toxicity of indium sesquioxide in the rat","volume":"590","author":"Leach","year":"1961","journal-title":"ORINS Rep US At Energy Comm UR-"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2014.30.1.055","article-title":"Studies on the toxicity and distribution of indium compounds according to particle size in sprague-dawley rats","volume":"30","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp014","article-title":"Sintered indium-tin-oxide (ITO) particles: a new pneumotoxic entity","volume":"108","author":"Lison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib20","series-title":"Follow-up Study on Indium Exposed Workers and Effectiveness of Control Measure","first-page":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-011-0688-6","article-title":"Relationship between indium exposure and oxidative damage in workers in indium tin oxide production plants","volume":"85","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.45.228","article-title":"Biological monitoring of indium by means of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry in workers exposed to particles of indium compounds","volume":"45","author":"Miyaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.L10128","article-title":"Two- and 13-week inhalation toxicities of indium-tin oxide and indium oxide in rats","volume":"53","author":"Nagano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.10-0053-BR","article-title":"Pulmonary toxicity in mice by 2- and 13-week inhalation exposures to indium-tin oxide and indium oxide aerosols","volume":"53","author":"Nagano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib25","first-page":"25","article-title":"A case of indium lung Disclosed in health checkup [in Japanese]","volume":"30","author":"Nakano","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.L9077","article-title":"Causal relationship between indium compound inhalation and effects on the lungs","volume":"51","author":"Nakano","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2484","article-title":"Five-year cohort study: emphysematous progression of indium-exposed workers","volume":"146","author":"Nakano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib28","series-title":"2. Chemical Information Profile for Indium Tin Oxide [CAS No. 50926-11-9]","author":"National Toxicology Program","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/241252a0","article-title":"Trace elements in the atmospheric environment","volume":"241","author":"Peirson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1021\/es60131a004","article-title":"Environmental trace metal contamination in Kellogg, Idaho, near a lead smelting complex","volume":"11","author":"Ragaini","year":"1977","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib31","first-page":"532","article-title":"Three cases of indium lung [in Japanese]","volume":"44","author":"Taguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Respir. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib32","first-page":"599","article-title":"Pulmonary toxicity of indium [in Japanese]","volume":"27","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.L9097","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary toxicity study of indium-tin oxide and indium oxide following intratracheal instillations into the lungs of hamsters","volume":"52","author":"Tanaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.44.99","article-title":"Pulmonary toxicity of indium-tin oxide and indium phosphide after intratracheal instillations into the lung of hamsters","volume":"44","author":"Tanaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708_bib35","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in an indium-processing worker","volume":"123","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1438463921000213?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1438463921000213?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T19:28:41Z","timestamp":1778614121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1438463921000213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S1438463921000213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708","relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-4639"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-4639","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exposure profiles of workers from indium tin oxide target manufacturing and recycling factories in Taiwan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113708","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113708"}}