{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T06:02:29Z","timestamp":1783144949089,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":371,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\/ NIEHS ES027022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\/ NIEHS ES027022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T18:06:02Z","timestamp":1654625162000},"page":"113991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Air pollution, children's academic achievement and the potential mediating role of preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"243","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5928-7833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arin A.","family":"Balalian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine H.","family":"McVeigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3508-8260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanette A.","family":"Stingone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-012-9210-5","article-title":"Late preterm birth: a review of medical and neuropsychological childhood outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Baron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22363","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to noise stress: anxiety, impaired spatial memory, and deteriorated hippocampal plasticity in postnatal life","volume":"25","author":"Barzegar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205827","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and autism in los angeles county, California","volume":"121","author":"Becerra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.01.004","article-title":"Oxidative stress and lipid mediators induced in alveolar macrophages by ultrafine particles","volume":"38","author":"Beck-Speier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2012.42","article-title":"Review of research on residential mobility during pregnancy: consequences for assessment of prenatal environmental exposures","volume":"22","author":"Bell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.05.009","article-title":"Air pollution: mechanisms of neuroinflammation and cns disease","volume":"32","author":"Block","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230252929954","article-title":"Air pollution and brain damage","volume":"30","author":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12320","article-title":"Long-term cognitive and school outcomes of late-preterm and early-term births: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.11.001","article-title":"Residential mobility during pregnancy and the potential for ambient air pollution exposure misclassification","volume":"110","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142492","article-title":"Associations between prenatal exposure to black carbon and memory domains in urban children: modification by sex and prenatal stress","volume":"10","author":"Cowell","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181a7128f","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and preterm birth: a time-series analysis","volume":"20","author":"Darrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib12","series-title":"A Statistical Profile of new york's K-12 Educational Sector: Race, Income, and Religion","author":"Domanico","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib13","series-title":"Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Draft Iris Assessment of Tetrachloroethylene","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib14","series-title":"Technology Transfer Network 1996 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-7-12","article-title":"Effect of prolonged exposure to diesel engine exhaust on proinflammatory markers in different regions of the rat brain","volume":"7","author":"Gerlofs-Nijland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw040","article-title":"Outcome modelling strategies in epidemiology: traditional methods and basic alternatives","volume":"45","author":"Greenland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000133","article-title":"Air pollution during pregnancy and childhood cognitive and psychomotor development: six european birth cohorts","volume":"25","author":"Guxens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.03.064","article-title":"Prenatal and early life exposures to ambient air pollution and development","volume":"174","author":"Ha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408803","article-title":"Prenatal and childhood traffic-related pollution exposure and childhood cognition in the project viva cohort (Massachusetts, USA)","volume":"123","author":"Harris Maria","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3631","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3627-8","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cognitive dysfunction in children","volume":"22","author":"Jedrychowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5334","DOI":"10.1021\/es100008x","article-title":"Near-roadway air quality: synthesizing the findings from real-world data","volume":"44","author":"Karner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib22","series-title":"New york City Trends in Air Pollution and its Health Consequences","author":"Kheirbek","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-013-9857-0","article-title":"Spatial variation in environmental noise and air pollution in New York city","volume":"91","author":"Kheirbek","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.01.107","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to pm10 and no2 and children's neurodevelopment from birth to 24months of age: mothers and children's environmental health (moceh) study","volume":"481","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002986","article-title":"Diesel exhaust activates and primes microglia: air pollution, neuroinflammation, and regulation of dopaminergic neurotoxicity","volume":"119","author":"Levesque","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.03.055","article-title":"Association between ambient fine particulate matter and preterm birth or term low birth weight: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"227","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222.e221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.01.007","article-title":"School-age outcomes of late preterm infants in New York city","volume":"206","author":"Lipkind","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6307-7","article-title":"The association between air pollution and preterm birth and low birth weight in guangdong, China","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-006-9094-x","article-title":"The development of a standardized neighborhood deprivation index","volume":"83","author":"Messer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Urban Health : Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e622","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1405","article-title":"Early school-age outcomes of late preterm infants","volume":"123","author":"Morse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370490439597","article-title":"Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain","volume":"16","author":"Oberdorster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9084","article-title":"Effect of prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on neurodevelopment in the first 3 years of life among inner-city children","volume":"114","author":"Perera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-3-13","article-title":"Translocation and potential neurological effects of fine and ultrafine particles a critical update","volume":"3","author":"Peters","year":"2006","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib34","series-title":"A Research Report from the new york City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene","article-title":"Creation of a linked inter-agency data warehouse: the longitudinal study of early development","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F167","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300888","article-title":"Early term and late preterm birth are associated with poorer school performance at age 5 years: a cohort study","volume":"97","author":"Quigley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3715-2","article-title":"Outdoor air pollution pregnancy exposures are associated with behavioral problems in China's preschoolers","volume":"26","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2008.082792","article-title":"Ambient air pollutant concentrations during pregnancy and the risk of fetal growth restriction","volume":"63","author":"Rich","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3514","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1686472","article-title":"Two decades of interventions in New York state to reduce maternal mortality: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Ricklan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127052","article-title":"The complex interaction between home environment, socioeconomic status, maternal iq and early child neurocognitive development: a multivariate analysis of data collected in a newborn cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Ronfani","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.3.427","article-title":"Sick individuals and sick populations","volume":"30","author":"Rose","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy248","article-title":"Causal mediation analysis with observational data: considerations and illustration examining mechanisms linking neighborhood poverty to adolescent substance use","volume":"188","author":"Rudolph","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt268","article-title":"Ambient fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and term birth weight in New York, New York","volume":"179","author":"Savitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.05.021","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal exposure to no2 and child attentional function at 4\u20135years of age","volume":"106","author":"Sent\u00eds","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.03.035","article-title":"Association between prenatal exposure to ambient diesel particulate matter and perchloroethylene with children's 3rd grade standardized test scores","volume":"148","author":"Stingone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm308","article-title":"Association of black carbon with cognition among children in a prospective birth cohort study","volume":"167","author":"Suglia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib46","series-title":"Ambient Air Pollution and Health Impact in china","first-page":"181","article-title":"The associations between air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in China","author":"Tan","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib47","series-title":"Mediation: R Package for Causal Mediation Analysis","author":"Tingley","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.4310\/SII.2009.v2.n4.a7","article-title":"Conceptual issues concerning mediation, interventions and composition","volume":"2","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat. Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032315-021402","article-title":"Mediation analysis: a practitioner's guide","volume":"37","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000686","article-title":"Trade-offs of personal versus more proxy exposure measures in environmental epidemiology","volume":"28","author":"Weisskopf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370701498075","article-title":"Diesel exhaust particles","volume":"19","author":"Wichmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1408","article-title":"Perinatal origins of first-grade academic failure: role of prematurity and maternal factors","volume":"131","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib53","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2016.00157","article-title":"A review of epidemiological research on adverse neurological effects of exposure to ambient air pollution","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i06","article-title":"Multiple imputation using sas software","volume":"45","author":"Yuan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stat. Software"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1438463922000748?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1438463922000748?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T19:28:47Z","timestamp":1778614127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1438463922000748"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S1438463922000748"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991","relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-4639"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-4639","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Air pollution, children's academic achievement and the potential mediating role of preterm birth","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113991","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113991"}}