{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:33:48Z","timestamp":1788305628261,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T05:54:16Z","timestamp":1669787656000},"page":"114077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Assessing the risk of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to three enteric pathogens from contaminated private water wells in Ontario"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"248","author":[{"given":"Tessa","family":"Latchmore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1260-2688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul D.","family":"Hynds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8507-0862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Stephen","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7975-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Majury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib1","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib2","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-017-1557-5","article-title":"Virus occurrence in private and public wells in a fractured dolostone aquifer in Canada","volume":"25","author":"Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hydrogeol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.05.002","article-title":"Occurrence and quantitative microbial risk assessment of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in soil and air samples","volume":"26","author":"Balderrama-Carmona","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2014.989492","article-title":"Quantitative microbial risk assessment of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in well water from a native community of Mexico","volume":"25","author":"Balderrama-Carmona","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Health Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-017-3333-5","article-title":"Perspectives of quantitative risk assessment studies for Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water samples","volume":"228","author":"Balderrama-Carmona","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water, Air, Soil Pollut."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.09.062","article-title":"Using QMRA-based regulation as a water quality management tool in the water security challenge: experience from The Netherlands and Australia","volume":"47","author":"Bichai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib8","series-title":"Sources and Risk Factors for Nitrate and Microbial Contamination of Private Household Wells in the Fractured Dolomite Aquifer of Northeastern Wisconsin","author":"Borchardt","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106487","article-title":"Public and private tapwater: comparative analysis of contaminant exposure and potential risk","volume":"152","author":"Bradley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(00)00270-1","article-title":"Microbial risk assessment: dose-response relations and risk characterization","volume":"58","author":"Buchanan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib11","series-title":"Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Contaminated Private Wells in the Fractured Dolomite Aquifer of Kewaunee County, Wisconsin","author":"Burch","year":"2021"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3657","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7103657","article-title":"Water microbiology. Bacterial pathogens and water","volume":"7","author":"Cabral","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116496","article-title":"Contamination of domestic groundwater systems by verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC), 2003\u20132019: a global scoping review","volume":"188","author":"Chique","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2310.152037","article-title":"Economic assessment of waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis","volume":"23","author":"Chyzheuskaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2701.190676","article-title":"Estimate of burden and direct healthcare cost of infectious waterborne disease in the United States","volume":"27","author":"Collier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.11.008","article-title":"Quantitative risk assessment of Cryptosporidium in tap water in Ireland","volume":"408","author":"Cummins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v064.i04","article-title":"fitdistrplus: an R package for fitting distributions","volume":"64","author":"Delignette-Muller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stat. Software"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2166\/wqrj.2019.035","article-title":"Exploring private water wells for fecal sources and evidence of pathogen presence in the context of current testing practices for potability in Ontario","volume":"55","author":"Felleiter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Quality Research Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.05.017","article-title":"Influences on domestic well water testing behavior in a Central Maine area with frequent groundwater arsenic occurrence","volume":"505","author":"Flanagan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-017-1581-5","article-title":"Human virus and microbial indicator occurrence in public-supply groundwater systems: meta-analysis of 12 international studies","volume":"25","author":"Fout","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hydrogeol. J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881400123X","article-title":"The association between campylobacteriosis, agriculture and drinking water: a case-case study in a region of British Columbia, Canada, 2005\u20132009","volume":"142","author":"Galanis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(96)00996-8","article-title":"Sensitive populations: who is at the greatest risk?","volume":"30","author":"Gerba","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.065","article-title":"A large scale waterborne Campylobacteriosis outbreak, Havelock North, New Zealand","volume":"81","author":"Gilpin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/isee.2020.virtual.P-1264","article-title":"Association between extreme precipitation, drinking water and acute gastrointestinal illness in the Great Lakes","volume":"2020","author":"Graydon","year":"2020","journal-title":"In ISEE Conference Abstracts"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812002166","article-title":"Community incidence of pathogen-specific gastroenteritis: reconstructing the surveillance pyramid for seven pathogens in seven European Union member states","volume":"141","author":"Haagsma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(99)00197-X","article-title":"Development of a dose-response relationship for Escherichia coli O157: H7","volume":"56","author":"Haas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib27","series-title":"Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment","author":"Haas","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib28","series-title":"Guidance on the Use of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment in Drinking Water. Water and Air Quality Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch","year":"2019"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13283","article-title":"Risk perceptions toward drinking water quality among private well owners in Ireland: the illusion of control","volume":"39","author":"Hooks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2175\/106143006X95483","article-title":"Published case studies of waterborne disease outbreaks\u2014evidence of a recurrent threat","volume":"79","author":"Hrudey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2010.01499.x","article-title":"Quantitative microbial risk assessment of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis from very small private water supplies","volume":"31","author":"Hunter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Risk Anal.: Int. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2012.025","article-title":"Investigation of water consumption patterns among Irish adults for waterborne quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA)","volume":"10","author":"Hynds","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Water Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2013.862065","article-title":"A quantitative risk assessment of verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) in private groundwater sources in the Republic of Ireland","volume":"20","author":"Hynds","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093301","article-title":"Contamination of groundwater systems in the US and Canada by enteric pathogens, 1990\u20132013: a review and pooled-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Hynds","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2010.11.017","article-title":"Understanding stewardship behaviour: factors facilitating and constraining private water well stewardship","volume":"92","author":"Kreutzwiser","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140382","article-title":"Analysis of a large spatiotemporal groundwater quality dataset, Ontario, 2010\u20132017: informing human health risk assessment and testing guidance for private drinking water wells","volume":"738","author":"Latchmore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119784","article-title":"Estimating the duration and overlap of Escherichia coli contamination events in private groundwater supplies for quantitative risk assessment using a multiannual (2010-2017) provincial dataset","volume":"309","author":"Latchmore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13676","article-title":"Drinking water consumption patterns among private well users in Ontario: implications for exposure assessment of waterborne infection","author":"Lavallee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142952","article-title":"Examining influential drivers of private well users' perceptions in Ontario: a cross-sectional population study","volume":"763","author":"Lavallee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib40","series-title":"Classification of Sub-populations for Quantitative Risk Assessment Based on Awareness and Perception: A Cross-Sectional Population Study of Private Well Users in Ontario","author":"Lavallee","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403685","article-title":"Estimating the under-reporting rate for infectious gastrointestinal illness in Ontario","volume":"96","author":"Majowicz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.05.284","article-title":"Private-well stewardship among a general population based sample of private well-owners","volume":"601","author":"Malecki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2006.055","article-title":"Health risks in wastewater irrigation: comparing estimates from quantitative microbial risk analyses and epidemiological studies","volume":"5","author":"Mara","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Water Health"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2006.0041","article-title":"Recognizing waterborne disease and the health effects of water contamination: a review of the challenges facing the medical community in the United States","volume":"4","author":"Meinhardt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Water Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12207","article-title":"Fractional Poisson\u2014a simple dose\u2010response model for human norovirus","volume":"34","author":"Messner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib45","series-title":"Protocol of Accepted Drinking Water Testing Methods Version 2.0. E3388\u2013The Determination of N-Nitrosamines in Water by Gas Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry","author":"Ministry of the Environment","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib46","series-title":"Annual Report of the Office of the Auditor General of Ontario","author":"Ministry of the Environment","year":"2014"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815002071","article-title":"Estimating the burden of acute gastrointestinal illness due to Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Campylobacter, E. coli O157 and norovirus associated with private wells and small water systems in Canada","volume":"144","author":"Murphy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-017-1543-y","article-title":"Epidemiological evidence of groundwater contribution to global enteric disease, 1948-2015","volume":"25","author":"Murphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hydrogeol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib49","series-title":"Infectious Disease Trends in Ontario, 2020: Technical Notes","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115614","article-title":"Implementation of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for public drinking water supplies: systematic review","volume":"174","author":"Owens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117425","article-title":"The prevalence and levels of enteric viruses in groundwater of private wells in rural Alberta, Canada","volume":"202","author":"Pang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2016.262","article-title":"QMRA and water safety management: review of application in drinking water systems","volume":"14","author":"Petterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Water Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2009.038","article-title":"Water consumption habits of a south-western Ontario community","volume":"7","author":"Pintar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Water Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.07.011","article-title":"Evaluating variability and uncertainty separately in microbial quantitative risk assessment using two R packages","volume":"142","author":"Pouillot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens4020307","article-title":"Waterborne pathogens: detection methods and challenges","volume":"4","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Castillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1991.tb07252.x","article-title":"Modeling the risk from Giardia and viruses in drinking water","volume":"83","author":"Regli","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. - Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-62.9.1059","article-title":"Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Cyclospora and their impact on foods: a review","volume":"62","author":"Rose","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Food Protect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.12.014","article-title":"Systematically linking qualitative elements of scenarios across levels, scales, and sectors","volume":"79","author":"Schweizer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Software"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2021.018","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of free private well testing outreach on participants' private well stewardship in New Jersey","volume":"20","author":"Seliga","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Water Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/cag.12557","article-title":"Geographic accessibility to primary care providers: comparing rural and urban areas in Southwestern Ontario","volume":"64","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Canadian Geographer\/Le G\u00e9ographe canadien"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2010.839","article-title":"Practical applications of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for water safety plans","volume":"61","author":"Smeets","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117813","article-title":"Seasonality of enteric viruses in groundwater-derived public water sources","volume":"207","author":"Sorensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib63","series-title":"Table 38-10-0274-01 Households and the Environment Survey, Dwelling's Main Source of Water","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-8305(02)00085-9","article-title":"Risk assessment for protozoan parasites","volume":"50","author":"Teunis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008771","article-title":"Hierarchical dose response of E. coli O157: H7 from human outbreaks incorporating heterogeneity in exposure","volume":"136","author":"Teunis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21237","article-title":"Norwalk virus: how infectious is it?","volume":"80","author":"Teunis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2009.108","article-title":"Where's the pump? Associating sporadic enteric disease with drinking water using a geographic information system, in British Columbia, Canada, 1996\u20132005","volume":"7","author":"Uhlmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Water Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220500078153","article-title":"The Walkerton E. coli outbreak: a test of Rasmussen's framework for risk management in a dynamic society","volume":"7","author":"Vicente","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theor. Issues Ergon. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-970","article-title":"A descriptive study of reportable gastrointestinal illnesses in Ontario, Canada, from 2007 to 2009","volume":"12","author":"Vrbova","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1111\/gwat.12121","article-title":"Contributing factors to disease outbreaks associated with untreated groundwater","volume":"52","author":"Wallender","year":"2014","journal-title":"Groundwater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117089","article-title":"Exploration of E. coli contamination drivers in private drinking water wells: an application of machine learning to a large, multivariable, geo-spatio-temporal dataset","volume":"197","author":"White","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1438463922001602?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1438463922001602?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T17:33:37Z","timestamp":1761413617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1438463922001602"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["S1438463922001602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077","relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-4639"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-4639","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Assessing the risk of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to three enteric pathogens from contaminated private water wells in Ontario","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114077","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114077"}}