{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T20:04:01Z","timestamp":1781381041266,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004897","name":"Pennsylvania Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4100072543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4100072543"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008211","name":"Drexel University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T08:45:28Z","timestamp":1741250728000},"page":"114546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Is local air pollution concentration a moderator or mediator of the association between residential greenspace and pediatric asthma exacerbations? A longitudinal study of pediatric patients in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"266","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4030-6391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun-Ting","family":"Yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah H.","family":"Schinasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brisa N.","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4332-3104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Melly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8771-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Forrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ch\u00e9n C.","family":"Kenyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle C.","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneclaire J.","family":"De Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib1","series-title":"Philadelphia: Neighborhoods, Division, and Conflict in a Postindustrial City","author":"Adams","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.08.009","article-title":"Land cover and air pollution are associated with asthma hospitalisations: a cross-sectional study","volume":"109","author":"Alcock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(22)00302-3","article-title":"Associations between outdoor air pollutants and non-viral asthma exacerbations and airway inflammatory responses in children and adolescents living in urban areas in the USA: a retrospective secondary analysis","volume":"7","author":"Altman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2011.01725.x","article-title":"Space-time data fusion under error in computer model output: an application to modeling air quality","volume":"68","author":"Berrocal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1890\/09-1988.1","article-title":"Hygroscopic particles on leaves: nutrients or desiccants?","volume":"80","author":"Burkhardt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Ecological Monographs"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.03.009","article-title":"Stress and inflammation in exacerbations of asthma","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3056","article-title":"Difficult Family relationships, residential greenspace, and childhood asthma","volume":"139","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094431","article-title":"National patterns in environmental injustice and inequality: outdoor NO2 air pollution in the United States","volume":"9","author":"Clark","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbuil.2021.648620","article-title":"Mobile monitoring of air pollution reveals spatial and temporal variation in an urban landscape","volume":"7","author":"Cummings","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Built Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does living near trees and other vegetation affect the contemporaneous odds of asthma exacerbation among pediatric asthma patients?","author":"De Roos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000016","article-title":"Asthma morbidity and ambient air pollution: effect modification by residential traffic-related air pollution","author":"Delfino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110456","article-title":"Allergic symptoms in association with naturalness, greenness, and greyness: a cross-sectional study in schoolchildren in the Alps","volume":"198","author":"Dzhambov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2019.02.010","article-title":"Urban trees, air quality, and asthma: an interdisciplinary review","volume":"187","author":"Eisenman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plann."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30193-6","article-title":"Urban trees and asthma: a call for epidemiological research","volume":"7","author":"Eisenman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"issue":"3 Suppl. l","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.12.983","article-title":"Asthma outcomes: exacerbations","volume":"129","author":"Fuhlbrigge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1402","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0168","article-title":"Effectiveness of emergency department asthma management strategies on return visits in children: a population-based study","volume":"120","author":"Guttmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.110955","article-title":"Effects of ambient air pollution on childhood asthma exacerbation in the Philadelphia metropolitan Region, 2011\u20132014","volume":"197","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-13-70","article-title":"Clinical, economic, and humanistic burden of asthma in Canada: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Ismaila","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2020.02.003","article-title":"Variability in diagnosed asthma in young children in a large pediatric primary care network","volume":"20","author":"Kenyon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3487","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073487","article-title":"The contribution of neighborhood tree and greenspace to asthma emergency room visits: an application of advanced spatial data in Los Angeles county","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60263-3","article-title":"Relationship between visits to emergency departments for asthma and ozone exposure in greater Seattle, Washington","volume":"103","author":"Mar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.06.028","article-title":"Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: theoretical and methodological guidance","volume":"158","author":"Markevych","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2020.05.014","article-title":"Primary care accessibility effects on health care utilization among urban children","volume":"20","author":"Mudd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Academic pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib26","first-page":"1","article-title":"The urban forests of Philadelphia","volume":"vol. 80","author":"Nowak","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2006.01.007","article-title":"Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States","volume":"4","author":"Nowak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21632","article-title":"Effect of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide on viability and morphology of oak pollen","volume":"6","author":"Ouyang","year":"2016","journal-title":"International forum of allergy & rhinology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901499","article-title":"Traffic-related particulate matter and acute respiratory symptoms among New York City area adolescents","volume":"118","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107123450205","article-title":"Neighborhood of residence and incidence of coronary heart disease","volume":"345","author":"Roux","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102684","article-title":"Effects of different urban-vegetation morphology on the canopy-level thermal comfort and the cooling benefits of shade trees: case-study in Philadelphia","volume":"66","author":"Sabrin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2021-107823","article-title":"Associations between high ambient temperatures and asthma exacerbation among children in Philadelphia, PA: a time series analysis","author":"Schinasi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001378","article-title":"CMAverse: a suite of functions for reproducible causal mediation analyses","volume":"32","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib33","first-page":"28","article-title":"Package \u2018survival\u2019","volume":"128","author":"Therneau","year":"2015","journal-title":"J R Top Doc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib34","article-title":"Pathways linking biodiversity to human health: a conceptual framework","volume":"150","author":"Triguero-Mas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib42","series-title":"High-Resolution Land Cover, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania","first-page":"2013","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.05.124","article-title":"Influence of ozone on traffic-related particulate matter on the generation of hydroxyl radicals through a heterogeneous synergistic effect","volume":"162","author":"Valavanidis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6705e1","article-title":"Vital signs: asthma in children\u2014United States, 2001\u20132016","volume":"67","author":"Zahran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6640","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186640","article-title":"The association between green space and adolescents' mental well-being: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1438463925000288?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1438463925000288?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T19:28:57Z","timestamp":1778614137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1438463925000288"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1438463925000288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546","relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-4639"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-4639","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Is local air pollution concentration a moderator or mediator of the association between residential greenspace and pediatric asthma exacerbations? A longitudinal study of pediatric patients in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2025.114546","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114546"}}