{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:52:47Z","timestamp":1792673567524,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2207,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,18]],"date-time":"2007-04-18T19:46:11Z","timestamp":1176925571000},"page":"348-354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: clinical and laboratory parameters"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ahmed Iqbal","family":"Bhigjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rivashnee","family":"Padayachee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoosain","family":"Paruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumari Devi","family":"Hallwirth-Pillay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzaan","family":"Marais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Connoly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib1","unstructured":"WHO annual report on global TB control\u2014summary. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2003;78:122\u20138."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Global tuberculosis control report 2003: profiles of high-burden countries. Geneva: WHO; 2003. p. 132\u201342"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib3","series-title":"Tuberculosis pathogenesis, protection, and control","first-page":"25","article-title":"Overview of clinical tuberculosis","author":"Hopewell","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70164-X","article-title":"Central nervous system tuberculosis","volume":"17","author":"Garcia-Monco","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.28","article-title":"Tuberculous meningitis, Abbassia Fever Hospital\u2013Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt from 1976 to 1996","volume":"58","author":"Girgis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.9.1775","article-title":"Tuberculous meningitis in the southwest United States: a community-based study","volume":"43","author":"Davis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib7","series-title":"Kass handbook of infectious diseases: infections of the central nervous system","first-page":"189","article-title":"Tuberculous meningitis","author":"Teoh","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.378-379.2004","article-title":"Improving the bacteriological diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis","volume":"42","author":"Thwaites","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib9","unstructured":"Kent PT, Kubica GP. Public health mycobacteriology: a guide for the level III laboratory. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1985."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib10","series-title":"Tuberculosis, pathogenesis, protection and control","first-page":"85","article-title":"Current laboratory methods for the diagnosis of tuberculosis","author":"Heifets","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.9.2229-2234.1997","article-title":"Rapid detection of mycobacteria in clinical specimens by using the automated BACTEC 9000 MB system and comparison with radiometric and solid culture systems","volume":"35","author":"Pfyffer","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(87)90061-X","article-title":"ELISA using mycobacterial antigen as a diagnostic aid for tuberculous meningitis","volume":"78","author":"Prabhakar","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.12.3925-3927.1999","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by a dot immunobinding assay to detect mycobacterial antigen in cerebrospinal fluid specimens","volume":"37","author":"Sumi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.61.5.428","article-title":"Evaluation of adenosine deaminase activity and antibody to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 in cerebrospinal fluid and the radioactive bromide partition test for the early diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis","volume":"61","author":"Coovadia","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib15","first-page":"987","article-title":"Evaluation of an in-house-developed radio-assay kit for antibody detection in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis","volume":"9","author":"Kameswaran","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib16","first-page":"344","article-title":"Immunocytochemical method for early laboratory diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis","volume":"9","author":"Sumi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Diag Lab Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/42.3.129","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase activity for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in children","volume":"42","author":"Mishra","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92328-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by detection of tuberculostearic acid in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"330","author":"French","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93328-7","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"337","author":"Shankar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(95)90002-0","article-title":"Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: a comparative analysis of 3 immunoassays, an immune complex assay and the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"76","author":"Miorner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tuber Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550080093017","article-title":"The potential contribution of the polymerase chain reaction to the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis","volume":"53","author":"Nguyen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.9.3150-3155.2000","article-title":"Role of IS6110 targeted PCR, biochemical, clinical and immunological criteria for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis","volume":"38","author":"Caws","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.5.2006-2008.2001","article-title":"Evaluation of PCR using TRC4 and IA9110 primers in detection of tuberculous meningitis","volume":"39","author":"Narayanan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199508000-00010","article-title":"Nested polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response in AIDS patients with tuberculous meningitis","volume":"9","author":"Scarpellini","year":"1995","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.2.450-453.1996","article-title":"Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cerebrospinal fluid following immunomagnetic enrichment","volume":"34","author":"Mazurek","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.8.2191-2194.1998","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of Gen-Probe amplified direct test for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"36","author":"Lang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5341","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5341-5344.2004","article-title":"Evaluation of a modified Gen-Probe amplified direct test for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"42","author":"Cloud","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.5.1251-1254.1998","article-title":"Use of Roche AMPLICOR Mycobacterium tuberculosis PCR in early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis","volume":"36","author":"Bonington","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2005.00005.x","article-title":"Automatized PCR evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory and non-respiratory specimens","volume":"46","author":"Bayram","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3364","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3364-3373.2002","article-title":"Rapid cycle PCR and fluorimetry for detection of mycobacteria","volume":"40","author":"Lachnik","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib31","first-page":"78","article-title":"Evaluation of the IdahoTechnology Light Cycler PCR for the direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens","volume":"7","author":"Heginbothom","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.3.1029-1039.2006","article-title":"Novel technique of quantitative nested real-time PCR assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA","volume":"44","author":"Takahashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05091-0","article-title":"Evaluation of a rapid bacteriophage-based method for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples","volume":"52","author":"Marei","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(03)00048-8","article-title":"The evaluation of fast plaque TB test for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis","volume":"46","author":"Albay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib35","series-title":"Manual of clinical microbiology","author":"Murray","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.81.3.221","article-title":"A diagnostic rule for tuberculous meningitis","volume":"81","author":"Kumar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11318-3","article-title":"Diagnosis of adult tuberculous meningitis by use of clinical and laboratory features","volume":"360","author":"Thwaites","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(00)00440-8","article-title":"The clinical, radiological and pathological profile of tuberculous meningitis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"181","author":"Katrak","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/91.11.743","article-title":"Tuberculous meningitis in South African urban adults","volume":"91","author":"Karstaedt","year":"1998","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00772-2","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of nucleic acid amplification tests for tuberculous meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Pai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4565","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.10.4565-4572.2003","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of mycobacterial infection and quantitation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis load by two real-time calibrated PCR assays","volume":"41","author":"Broccolo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05115-1","article-title":"Enhanced contact tracing and spatial tracking of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by enumeration of antigen-specific T cells","volume":"357","author":"Lalvani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M300074-MCP200","article-title":"Complementary analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome by two dimensional electrophoresis and isotope coded affinity tag technology","volume":"3","author":"Schmidt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971206001901?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971206001901?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T12:43:51Z","timestamp":1587473031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971206001901"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1201971206001901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.07.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}}}