{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T23:00:32Z","timestamp":1788217232389,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1694,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,7]],"date-time":"2008-07-07T20:19:23Z","timestamp":1215461963000},"page":"e1-e8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Incidence of common opportunistic infections in HIV-infected individuals in Pune, India: analysis by stages of immunosuppression represented by CD4 counts"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Manisha","family":"Ghate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swapna","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srikanth","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhura","family":"Nene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Gedam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheela","family":"Godbole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhuri","family":"Thakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Risbud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Bollinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Mehendale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib1","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS). 2.5 Million people in India living with HIV, according to new estimates. Press release. Available at: http:\/\/data.unaids.org\/pub\/PressRelease\/2007\/070706_indiapressrelease_en.pdf (accessed May 2008)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249400500613","article-title":"Sentinel surveillance of HIV-1 infection in Tamilnadu, India","volume":"6","author":"Solomon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib3","first-page":"16","article-title":"Spectrum of opportunistic infections in AIDS cases","volume":"57","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib4","first-page":"52","article-title":"Spectrum and prognostic significance of opportunistic diseases in HIV\/AIDS patients in Ilorin, Nigeria","volume":"25","author":"Salami","year":"2006","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.4.864","article-title":"Incidence of primary opportunistic infections in two human immunodeficiency virus-infected French clinical cohorts","volume":"30","author":"Yazdanpanah","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib6","unstructured":"Gupta I, Trivedi M, Kandamuthan S. Costing of the free ART programme of the Government of India. Delhi: Health Policy Research Unit, Institute of Economic Growth. Available at: http:\/\/iegindia.org\/dis_111_2006.pdf (accessed May 2008)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31802f8512","article-title":"Effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy on survival and opportunistic infections in a developing world setting: an observational cohort study","volume":"44","author":"Corey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-003-3198-y","article-title":"Spectrum of opportunistic infections and profile of CD4 counts among AIDS patients in North India","volume":"31","author":"Vajpayee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-005-1422-7","article-title":"CD4+ cell counts and opportunistic protozoa in Indian HIV-infected patients","volume":"97","author":"Sadraei","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib10","first-page":"377","article-title":"Clinical profile of HIV in India","volume":"121","author":"Kumarasamy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib11","first-page":"854","article-title":"Study on clinico-epidemiological profile of HIV patients in eastern India","volume":"54","author":"Chakravarty","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1258\/095646204322916623","article-title":"A 16-year study of HIV seroprevalence and HIV-related diseases in a teaching tertiary care hospital in India","volume":"15","author":"Arora","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib13","first-page":"126","article-title":"The natural history of human immunodeficiency virus infection among adults in Mumbai","volume":"16","author":"Hira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib14","first-page":"435","article-title":"Clinical profile of AIDS","volume":"49","author":"Kothari","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-52","article-title":"Spectrum of clinical disease in a series of 135 hospitalized HIV-infected patients from north India","volume":"4","author":"Sharma","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib16","first-page":"343","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of HIV disease","volume":"49","author":"Wadia","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1086\/344756","article-title":"Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus disease in southern India","volume":"36","author":"Kumarasamy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib18","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Clinical charts and tables. Available at: http:\/\/www.womenchildrenhiv.org (accessed May 2008)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib19","unstructured":"Antiretroviral therapy guidelines for HIV-infected adults and adolescents including post-exposure. National AIDS Control Organisation, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Available at: http:\/\/www.nacoonline.org\/About_NACO\/Policy__Guidelines\/ (accessed May 2008)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib20","series-title":"Analysis of survival data","author":"Cox","year":"1994"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib21","first-page":"III3","article-title":"Patterns of diagnoses in hospital admissions in a multistate cohort of HIV-positive adults in 2001","volume":"43","author":"Betz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib22","first-page":"822","article-title":"The spectrum of HIV-related disease in rural Central Thailand","volume":"33","author":"Inverarity","year":"2002","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13802-0","article-title":"Decline in the AIDS and death rates in the EuroSIDA study: an observational study","volume":"362","author":"Mocroft","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1086\/423183","article-title":"Delayed progression to death and to AIDS in a Hong Kong cohort of patients with advanced HIV type 1 disease during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"39","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652002000400001","article-title":"Morbidity and survival in advanced AIDS in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"44","author":"Gadelha","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1086\/497267","article-title":"The changing natural history of HIV disease: before and after the introduction of generic antiretroviral therapy in southern India","volume":"41","author":"Kumarasamy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00005","article-title":"Incidence of tuberculosis in the United States among HIV-infected persons","volume":"126","author":"Markowitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200001010-00010","article-title":"Risk factors for developing tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected adults from communities with a low or very high incidence of tuberculosis","volume":"23","author":"Wood","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp078049","article-title":"Tuberculosis and HIV in India","volume":"356","author":"Steinbrook","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2004.025726","article-title":"Evaluation of the status of tuberculosis as part of the clinical case definition of AIDS in India","volume":"81","author":"Attili","year":"2005","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib31","first-page":"65","article-title":"A high prevalence of culture-positive extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a large Dutch teaching hospital","volume":"61","author":"Hesselink","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.04.023","article-title":"Public-private partnership for equity of access to care for tuberculosis and HIV\/AIDS: lessons from Pune, India","volume":"100","author":"Sheikh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans R Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/154407370601900113","article-title":"Oral lesions in HIV infection in developing countries: an overview","volume":"19","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01232.x","article-title":"Oral manifestations in HIV\/AIDS infected patients from India","volume":"12","author":"Sharma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2002.00011.x","article-title":"HIV-related oral disease epidemiology among women: year 2000 update","volume":"8","author":"Shiboski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02529.x","article-title":"Patterns of skin manifestations and their relationships with CD4 counts among HIV\/AIDS patients in Cameroon","volume":"45","author":"Mbuagbaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib37","first-page":"183","article-title":"Relationship between clinical conditions and CD4 counts in HIV-infected persons in Pune, Maharashtra, India","volume":"13","author":"Ghate","year":"2000","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-8","article-title":"Effect of prolonged HAART on oral colonization with Candida and candidiasis","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200101260-00012","article-title":"Herpes zoster and HIV-1 infection in a rural Ugandan cohort","volume":"15","author":"Morgan","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2006.311","article-title":"Changes in the clinical spectrum of opportunistic illnesses in persons with HIV infection in Taiwan in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"59","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1086\/315146","article-title":"Zoster incidence in human immunodeficiency virus infected hemophiliacs and homosexual men, 1984\u20131997. District of Columbia Gay Cohort Study. Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study","volume":"180","author":"Engels","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib42","first-page":"101","article-title":"Herpes zoster in patients with HIV infection","volume":"2","author":"Das","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200007070-00013","article-title":"Impact of HIV infection on meningitis in Harare, Zimbabwe: a prospective study of 406 predominantly adult patients","volume":"14","author":"Hakim","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldh043","article-title":"Cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"72","author":"Bicanic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029_bib45","first-page":"14","article-title":"Profile of neurologic disorders associated with HIV\/AIDS from Bangalore, South India (1989\u201396)","volume":"111","author":"Satishchandra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971208001264?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971208001264?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T03:45:46Z","timestamp":1709091946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971208001264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1201971208001264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}