{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T22:59:35Z","timestamp":1773442775885,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":958,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,31]],"date-time":"2010-10-31T08:49:10Z","timestamp":1288514950000},"page":"e1048-e1053","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["The utility of rapid antigen detection testing for the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis in low-resource settings"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anne W.","family":"Rimoin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christa L. Fischer","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hala S.","family":"Hamza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nevine","family":"Elminawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadeer Abdel","family":"Ghafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Vince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonia L.A.","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamim","family":"Qazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dace","family":"Gardovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Steinhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","article-title":"The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases","volume":"5","author":"Carapetis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.13.1587","article-title":"Empirical validation of guidelines for the management of pharyngitis in children and adults","volume":"291","author":"McIsaac","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.03.005","article-title":"Comparison of clinical prediction rules for management of pharyngitis in settings with limited resources","volume":"149","author":"Fischer Walker","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.069120","article-title":"Evaluation of the WHO clinical decision rule for streptococcal pharyngitis","volume":"90","author":"Rimoin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250510027994","article-title":"A clinical decision rule for management of streptococcal pharyngitis in low-resource settings","volume":"94","author":"Steinhoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.22.2912","article-title":"The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have strep throat?","volume":"284","author":"Ebell","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0035","series-title":"Red book: 2006. Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases","author":"Pickering","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1086\/340949","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"35","author":"Bisno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.4.758","volume":"96","author":"Dajani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.3.571-580.2004","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci","volume":"17","author":"Gerber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000078835.72497.ab","article-title":"Extrapharyngeal group A Streptococcus infection: diagnostic accuracy and utility of rapid antigen testing","volume":"22","author":"Clegg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e666","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.6.e666","article-title":"Evaluating the American Academy of Pediatrics diagnostic standard for Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis: backup culture versus repeat rapid antigen testing","volume":"111","author":"Gieseker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.741","article-title":"Differences among international pharyngitis guidelines: not just academic","volume":"5","author":"Matthys","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.4.839-844.1993","article-title":"Novel, rapid optical immunoassay technique for detection of group A streptococci from pharyngeal specimens: comparison with standard culture methods","volume":"31","author":"Harbeck","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.2.531-532.1994","article-title":"Optical immunoassay for streptococcal pharyngitis: evaluation of accuracy with routine and mucoid strains associated with acute rheumatic fever outbreak in the intermountain area of the United States","volume":"32","author":"Daly","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.12.3365-3367.1995","article-title":"Evaluation of two rapid antigen assays, BioStar Strep A OIA and Pacific Biotech CARDS O. S., and culture for detection of group A streptococci in throat swabs","volume":"33","author":"Harbeck","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.6.1551-1553.1995","article-title":"Comparison of BioStar Strep A OIA optical immune assay, Abbott TestPack Plus Strep A, and culture with selective media for diagnosis of group A streptococcal pharyngitis","volume":"33","author":"Roe","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmm122","article-title":"Variation in clinical presentation of childhood group A streptococcal pharyngitis in four countries","volume":"54","author":"Rimoin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0095","series-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of group A streptococcal infections","author":"Johnson","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540350049032","article-title":"Optical immunoassay test for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. An office-based, multicenter investigation","volume":"277","author":"Gerber","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(97)81803-2","article-title":"A comparison of the BioStar Strep A OIA rapid antigen assay, group A Selective Strep Agar (ssA), and Todd\u2013Hewitt broth cultures for the detection of group A Streptococcus in an outpatient family practice setting","volume":"29","author":"Hart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7379.41","article-title":"Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative","volume":"326","author":"Bossuyt","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X8100100304","article-title":"The diagnosis of strep throat in adults in the emergency room","volume":"1","author":"Centor","year":"1981","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0120","unstructured":"Stata Statistical Software [program]. Release 10. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP; 2007."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(99)00027-9","article-title":"Evaluation of the Strep A OIA assay versus culture methods: ability to detect different quantities of group A Streptococcus","volume":"34","author":"Kuhn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70213-X","article-title":"Diagnosis of group A streptococcal pharyngitis in a private clinic: comparative evaluation of an optical immunoassay method and culture","volume":"126","author":"Fries","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.5.1408-1410.1995","article-title":"Comparison of two rapid streptococcal antigen detection assays with culture for diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis","volume":"33","author":"Heiter","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.11.2698-2701.1994","article-title":"Evaluation of two rapid antigen assays, BioStar Strep A OIA and Pacific Biotech CARDS O. S., and culture for detection of group A streptococci in throat swabs","volume":"32","author":"Dale","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0145","first-page":"253","article-title":"Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of a kit for the rapid detection of group A streptococci","volume":"77","author":"Savoia","year":"1994","journal-title":"Microbios"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.119850","article-title":"The relationship between the clinical features of pharyngitis and the sensitivity of a rapid antigen test: evidence of spectrum bias","volume":"38","author":"Dimatteo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.182","article-title":"Spectrum bias of a rapid antigen detection test for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in a pediatric population","volume":"114","author":"Hall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0488","article-title":"Performance of a rapid antigen-detection test and throat culture in community pediatric offices: implications for management of pharyngitis","volume":"123","author":"Tanz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.5.486","article-title":"Effect of using 2 throat swabs vs 1 throat swab on detection of group A Streptococcus by a rapid antigen detection test","volume":"159","author":"Ezike","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0170","first-page":"959","article-title":"Towards a better diagnosis of throat infections (with group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus) in general practice","volume":"48","author":"Dagnelie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X8100100304","article-title":"The diagnosis of strep throat in adults in the emergency room","volume":"1","author":"Centor","year":"1981","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.2.e2","article-title":"Does culture confirmation of high-sensitivity rapid streptococcal tests make sense? A medical decision analysis","volume":"101","author":"Webb","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.2002.1062","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of treatment options for prevention of rheumatic heart disease from group A streptococcal pharyngitis in a pediatric population","volume":"35","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0190","first-page":"246","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of rapid latex agglutination testing and throat culture for streptococcal pharyngitis","volume":"85","author":"Lieu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.6.5.761","article-title":"Rapid antigen detection testing in diagnosing group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis","volume":"6","author":"Leung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80354-1","article-title":"Streptococcal pharyngitis: optimal site for throat culture","volume":"106","author":"Brien","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269_bib0205","first-page":"923","article-title":"Value of new rapid tests for the diagnosis of group A streptococcal pharyngitis","volume":"14","author":"Shulman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971210024409?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971210024409?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]],"date-time":"2023-06-04T02:24:49Z","timestamp":1685845489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971210024409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1201971210024409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.2269","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}}}