{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T22:37:33Z","timestamp":1767825453176,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":160,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,4]],"date-time":"2013-02-04T17:46:41Z","timestamp":1360000001000},"page":"e572-e576","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Visceral leishmaniasis: host\u2013parasite interactions and clinical presentation in the immunocompetent and in the immunocompromised host"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Saporito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni M.","family":"Giammanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"De Grazia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Colomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90129-D","article-title":"Leishmaniasis acquired in Belgium","volume":"338","author":"Cohen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1996.36996420769.x","article-title":"Transfusion-transmitted kala-azar in India","volume":"36","author":"Singh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0497-368","article-title":"Transmission of Leishmania infantum by blood donors","volume":"3","author":"Kubar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1953-1957.1999","article-title":"Occurrence of Leishmania infantum parasitemia in asymptomatic blood donors living in an area of endemicity of southern France","volume":"37","author":"Le Fichoux","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08160-6","article-title":"Leishmania in discarded syringes from intravenous drug users","volume":"359","author":"Cruz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-007-0532-0","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis and pregnancy: analysis of cases reported in a central-western region of Brazil","volume":"278","author":"Figueir\u00f3-Filho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.5.e65","article-title":"Congenital transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar) from an asymptomatic mother to her child","volume":"104","author":"Meinecke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh538","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in pregnancy: a case series and a systematic review of the literature","volume":"55","author":"Pagliano","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1179\/146532810X12703902516400","article-title":"Congenital visceral leishmaniasis in Ukraine: case report","volume":"30","author":"Zinchuk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0050","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Control of the leishmaniases. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 2010;(949):xii\u2013xiii, 1\u2013186."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1990653111","article-title":"Taxonomy of Leishmania. Use of isoenzymes. Suggestions for a new classification","volume":"65","author":"Rioux","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol Hum Comp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182010000089","article-title":"Heat-shock protein 70 PCR-RFLP: a universal simple tool for Leishmania species discrimination in the New and Old World","volume":"137","author":"Montalvo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.09.003","article-title":"Advantages and limits of real-time PCR assay and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism for the identification of cutaneous Leishmania species in Tunisia","volume":"105","author":"Ben Abda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.06.011","article-title":"Development of a polymerase chain reaction\u2013restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for Leishmania major\/Leishmania killicki\/Leishmania infantum discrimination from clinical samples, application in a Tunisian focus","volume":"68","author":"Haouas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.306","article-title":"Leishmania tropica-isolated patient with visceral leishmaniasis in southern Iran","volume":"74","author":"Alborzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.2.193","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum. Case reports and literature review","volume":"134","author":"del Giudice","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0405","series-title":"Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases","first-page":"2831","article-title":"Leishmania species: visceral (kala-azar), cutaneous, and mucosal leishmaniasis","author":"Pearson","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.07.004","article-title":"Phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus is circulating both Leishmania donovani and L. infantum in northwest Iran","volume":"123","author":"Oshaghi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2008153237","article-title":"Molecular crosstalks in Leishmania\u2013sandfly-host relationships","volume":"15","author":"Volf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001185","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001185","article-title":"Leishmania major survival in selective Phlebotomus papatasi sand fly vector requires a specific SCG-encoded lipophosphoglycan galactosylation pattern","volume":"6","author":"Dobson","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e580","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000580","article-title":"Leishmania major glycosylation mutants require phosphoglycans (lpg2-) but not lipophosphoglycan (lpg1-) for survival in permissive sand fly vectors","volume":"4","author":"Sv\u00e1rovsk\u00e1","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19505","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.10.19505-en","article-title":"Leishmaniasis emergence in Europe","volume":"15","author":"Ready","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0126","article-title":"The potential effects of global warming on changes in canine leishmaniasis in a focus outside the classical area of the disease in southern France","volume":"9","author":"Dereure","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.071589","article-title":"Spread of vector-borne diseases and neglect of leishmaniasis, Europe","volume":"14","author":"Dujardin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2010.187","article-title":"Temperature-derived potential for the establishment of phlebotomine sandflies and visceral leishmaniasis in Germany","volume":"5","author":"Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geospat Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00190.x","article-title":"Does the Leishmania major paradigm of pathogenesis and protection hold for New World cutaneous leishmaniases or the visceral disease?","volume":"201","author":"McMahon-Pratt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.05.004","article-title":"The role of host genetics in leishmaniasis","volume":"25","author":"Sakthianandeswaren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01102.x","article-title":"Genetics and visceral leishmaniasis: of mice and man","volume":"31","author":"Blackwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00071-6","article-title":"Early mechanisms of Leishmania infection in human blood","volume":"5","author":"Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-009-0114-9","article-title":"What determines the success or failure of intracellular cutaneous parasites? Lessons learned from leishmaniasis","volume":"198","author":"Maurer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.2.567","article-title":"Natural killer cells are a source of interferon gamma that drives differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets and induces early resistance to Leishmania major in mice","volume":"178","author":"Scharton","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1992.tb06413.x","article-title":"Contribution of non-Leishmania-specific immunity to resistance to Leishmania infection in humans","volume":"87","author":"Akuffo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb7100011","article-title":"Balancing immunity and pathology in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"85","author":"Stanley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.02.010","article-title":"Role of chemokines in regulation of immunity against leishmaniasis","volume":"126","author":"Oghumu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-002-0439-7","article-title":"Mouse genetic model for clinical and immunological heterogeneity of leishmaniasis","volume":"54","author":"Lipoldov\u00e1","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.1.59","article-title":"Reciprocal expression of interferon gamma or interleukin 4 during the resolution or progression of murine leishmaniasis. Evidence for expansion of distinct helper T cell subsets","volume":"169","author":"Heinzel","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(93)90033-O","article-title":"T-cell and cytokine responses in leishmaniasis","volume":"5","author":"Reed","year":"1993","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200702000302","article-title":"Immunopathology of leishmaniasis: an update","volume":"20","author":"Mansueto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.56.522","article-title":"Circulating T helper 1 (Th1) cell- and Th2 cell-associated cytokines in Indian patients with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"56","author":"Sundar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.68528","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus and leishmaniasis","volume":"2","author":"Ezra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2007.00991.x","article-title":"CD8 cytotoxic T cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"29","author":"Ruiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(01)00311-0","article-title":"Two cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis presenting to the emergency department as chronic ulcers","volume":"20","author":"Sotiropoulos","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0220","first-page":"43","article-title":"Cutaneous lesions with very long duration as a complication of leishmanization","volume":"20","author":"Amini","year":"1991","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0077","article-title":"Tegumentary leishmaniasis as the cause of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and Leishmania guyanensis","volume":"81","author":"Chrusciak-Talhari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1276-0","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: new insights from an old and neglected disease","volume":"31","author":"Antinori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0235","first-page":"267","article-title":"Human leishmaniases: epidemiology and public health aspects","volume":"45","author":"Desjeux","year":"1992","journal-title":"World Health Stat Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0092","article-title":"Antileishmania immunological tests for asymptomatic subjects living in a visceral leishmaniasis-endemic area in Brazil","volume":"84","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005","article-title":"Asymptomatic infection of visceral leishmaniasis in hyperendemic areas of Vaishali district, Bihar, India: a challenge to kala-azar elimination programmes","volume":"105","author":"Das","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-199","article-title":"Cryptic Leishmania infantum infection in Italian HIV infected patients","volume":"9","author":"Colomba","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.01.011","article-title":"Asymptomatic Leishmania infantum\/chagasi infection in blood donors of western Sicily","volume":"102","author":"Scarlata","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0260","first-page":"21","article-title":"Serological screening for Leishmania infantum in asymptomatic blood donors and HIV+ patients living in an endemic area","volume":"16","author":"Scarlata","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.334","article-title":"Asymptomatic human carriers of Leishmania chagasi","volume":"66","author":"Costa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.06.005","article-title":"Leishmania DNA is rapidly degraded following parasite death: an analysis by microscopy and real-time PCR","volume":"9","author":"Prina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2824.2006.00036.x","article-title":"Plasma\/platelet pathogen inactivation","volume":"1","author":"Hervig","year":"2006","journal-title":"ISBT Science Series"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0280","first-page":"76A","article-title":"Optimization and implementation of the production of pathogen inactivated platelets from buffy coat in our reality","volume":"45","author":"Agliastro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3148.2003.00420.x","article-title":"Quick detection of Leishmania in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Is prestorage leucodepletion necessary for leishmaniasis prevention in endemic areas?","volume":"13","author":"Kyriakou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transfus Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1086\/315795","article-title":"Competence of the human host as a reservoir for Leishmania chagasi","volume":"182","author":"Costa","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00068-1","article-title":"Leishmania donovani in blood smears of asymptomatic persons","volume":"76","author":"Sharma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0707-3","article-title":"Pediatric visceral leishmaniasis in western Sicily, Italy: a retrospective analysis of 111 cases","volume":"21","author":"Cascio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0305","first-page":"5","article-title":"Childhood Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"11","author":"Cascio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E27","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.2.e27","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis and prognosis of Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompetent children","volume":"109","author":"Cascio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0315","first-page":"139","article-title":"Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompetent children. Report of two cases relapsed after specific therapy","volume":"12","author":"Colomba","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70043-4","article-title":"Leishmaniasis among organ transplant recipients","volume":"8","author":"Antinori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2009.07.001","article-title":"Leishmaniasis and biologic therapies for rheumatologic diseases","volume":"40","author":"Cascio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08802.x","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis after alemtuzumab in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"156","author":"Pitini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90345-6","article-title":"HIV\u2013Leishmania infantum co-infection: humoral and cellular immune responses to the parasite after chemotherapy","volume":"94","author":"Moreno","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803225002615","article-title":"The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on visceral leishmaniasis in Spanish patients who are co-infected with HIV","volume":"97","author":"L\u00f3pez-V\u00e9lez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5249","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5249-5255.2004","article-title":"Quantification of Leishmania infantum DNA by a real-time PCR assay with high sensitivity","volume":"42","author":"Mary","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.81.46","article-title":"Is real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) more useful than a conventional PCR for the clinical management of leishmaniasis?","volume":"81","author":"Antinori","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2010.00846.x","article-title":"\u2018Active chronic visceral leishmaniasis\u2019 in HIV-1-infected patients demonstrated by biological and clinical long term follow-up of 10 patients","volume":"11","author":"Bourgeois","year":"2010","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1086\/518167","volume":"44","author":"Antinori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2011.00598.x","article-title":"Recurrent leishmaniasis in kidney transplant recipients: report of 2 cases and systematic review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Simon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.1.86","article-title":"Infections in solid-organ transplant recipients","volume":"10","author":"Patel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2010.00520.x","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in the early post-transplant period after kidney transplantation: clinical features and therapeutic management","volume":"12","author":"Veroux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03125.x","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in a kidney transplant recipient: parasitic interstitial nephritis, a cause of renal dysfunction","volume":"10","author":"Dettwiler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1510.090881","article-title":"Appropriate screening for leishmaniasis before immunosuppressive treatments","volume":"15","author":"Cascio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1042","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001042","article-title":"Interferon-gamma release assay (modified QuantiFERON) as a potential marker of infection for Leishmania donovani, a proof of concept study","volume":"5","author":"Gidwani","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0605","article-title":"Quantiferon-Leishmania as an epidemiological tool for evaluating the exposure to Leishmania infection","volume":"83","author":"Turgay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00143-12","article-title":"Reassessment of immune correlates in human visceral leishmaniasis as defined by cytokine release in whole blood","volume":"19","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971213000350?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971213000350?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T08:21:28Z","timestamp":1644222088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971213000350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1201971213000350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}}}