{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:51:45Z","timestamp":1788202305166,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014175","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004572","name":"National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004572","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T11:50:39Z","timestamp":1592394639000},"page":"305-314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Increase of emm1 isolates among group A Streptococcus strains causing scarlet fever in Shanghai, China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Mingliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiehao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuefang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weilei","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dechuan","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2016.1195684","article-title":"Re-emergence of scarlet fever: old players return?","volume":"14","author":"Andrey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.4.953-958.1996","article-title":"Sequencing emm-specific PCR products for routine and accurate typing of group A streptococci","volume":"34","author":"Beall","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15877","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15877","article-title":"Transfer of scarlet fever-associated elements into the group A Streptococcus M1T1 clone","volume":"5","author":"Ben Zakour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-3603-z","article-title":"Genome analysis following a national increase in Scarlet Fever in England 2014","volume":"18","author":"Chalker","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"1156","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0030","article-title":"An emm5 group a streptococcal outbreak among workers in a factory manufacturing telephone accessories","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e158","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31825874f3","article-title":"Outbreak of Scarlet Fever Associated with emm12 Type Group A Streptococcus in 2011 in Shanghai, China","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0040","series-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: twenty-eighth informational supplement, in CLSI document M100-S28","author":"CLSI","year":"2018"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2648","article-title":"Molecular insight into invasive group A streptococcal disease","volume":"9","author":"Cole","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Micro"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2013.10.004","article-title":"Streptococcal superantigens: categorization and clinical associations","volume":"20","author":"Commons","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.3.470","article-title":"Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections","volume":"13","author":"Cunningham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.09.045","article-title":"Group A streptococcal vaccines: paving a path for accelerated development","volume":"31","author":"Dale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.09.005","article-title":"New 30-valent M protein-based vaccine evokes cross-opsonic antibodies against non-vaccine serotypes of group A streptococci","volume":"29","author":"Dale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3147","article-title":"Emergence of Scarlet Fever Streptococcus pyogenes emm12 clones in Hong Kong is associated with toxin acquisition and multidrug resistance","volume":"47","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0417-8","article-title":"Atlas of group A streptococcal vaccine candidates compiled using large-scale comparative genomics","volume":"51","author":"Davies","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss075","article-title":"Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7","volume":"29","author":"Drummond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-016-1145-8","article-title":"Impact of meteorological changes on the incidence of scarlet fever in Hefei City, China","volume":"60","author":"Duan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.010","article-title":"Effects of meteorological factors on incidence of scarlet fever during different periods in different districts of China","volume":"581\u2013582","author":"Duan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2011.07.003","article-title":"Scarlet Fever outbreak in Hong Kong, 2011","volume":"44","author":"Hsieh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30693-X","article-title":"Resurgence of Scarlet Fever in England, 2014-16: a population-based surveillance study","volume":"18","author":"Lamagni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1810.120062","article-title":"Scarlet Fever outbreak, Hong Kong, 2011","volume":"18","author":"Lau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1086\/324626","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance to macrolides and lincosamides: nature of the resistance elements and their clinical implications","volume":"34","author":"Leclercq","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30231-7","article-title":"Resurgence of Scarlet Fever in China: a 13-year population-based surveillance study","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1810.111900","article-title":"Scarlet Fever epidemic, Hong Kong, 2011","volume":"18","author":"Luk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30446-3","article-title":"Emergence of dominant toxigenic M1T1 Streptococcus pyogenes clone during increased scarlet fever activity in England: a population-based molecular epidemiological study","volume":"19","author":"Lynskey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13010131","article-title":"Spatiotemporal pattern analysis of scarlet fever incidence in Beijing, China, 2005-2014","volume":"13","author":"Mahara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.04.092","article-title":"Development of a recombinant fusion protein vaccine formulation to protect against Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"32","author":"Morefield","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2304.160773","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of scarlet fever, South Korea, 2008-2015","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2019.02.005","article-title":"Identification of two new core chromosome-encoded superantigens in Streptococcus pyogenes; speQ and speR","volume":"78","author":"Reglinski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","article-title":"Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation","volume":"30","author":"Seemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1604.091578","article-title":"Dual seasonal patterns for influenza, China","volume":"16","author":"Shu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000088","article-title":"Scarlet fever is caused by a limited number of Streptococcus pyogenes lineages and is associated with the exotoxin genes ssa, speA, and speC","volume":"33","author":"Silva-Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0165","first-page":"209","article-title":"Scarlet fever in Poland in 2012","volume":"68","author":"Staszewska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Przegl Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70178-1","article-title":"Global emm type distribution of group A streptococci: systematic review and implications for vaccine development","volume":"9","author":"Steer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0175","unstructured":"Streptococcus laboratory of centers for disease control and prevention 2020. Introduction to emm typing: M protein gene (emm) typing Streptococcus pyogenes. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/streplab\/protocol-emm-type.html. (Accessed 2 March 2019)."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.9.2233-2239.1995","article-title":"Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing","volume":"33","author":"Tenover","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis362","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the 2011 Hong Kong scarlet fever outbreak","volume":"206","author":"Tse","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70780-7","article-title":"Global antibiotic consumption 2000 to 2010: an analysis of national pharmaceutical sales data","volume":"14","author":"Van Boeckel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz099","article-title":"Detection of epidemic scarlet fever group A Streptococcus in Australia","volume":"69","author":"Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2012.9","article-title":"Streptococcus pyogenes and re-emergence of scarlet fever as a public health problem","volume":"1","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1906.121020","article-title":"Characteristics of group A Streptococcus strains circulating during scarlet fever epidemic, Beijing, China, 2011","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.01.010","article-title":"Scarlet fever epidemic in china caused by Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M12: epidemiologic and molecular analysis","volume":"28","author":"You","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30694-2","article-title":"8-year M type surveillance of Streptococcus pyogenes in China","volume":"20","author":"You","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971220304884?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971220304884?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T07:54:06Z","timestamp":1761119646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971220304884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S1201971220304884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Increase of emm1 isolates among group A Streptococcus strains causing scarlet fever in Shanghai, China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.053","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}