{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:14:25Z","timestamp":1790388865295,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T12:21:37Z","timestamp":1609158097000},"page":"15-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The impact of universal face masking and enhanced hand hygiene for COVID-19 disease prevention on the incidence of hospital-acquired infections in a Taiwanese hospital"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Shih-Hao","family":"Lo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Tzu","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyun-Ji","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Liang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.12228","article-title":"Infection control measures of a Taiwanese hospital to confront the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"36","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.02.007","article-title":"First case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in Taiwan","volume":"119","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072_bib0020","first-page":"5726","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare acquired infections with multidrug resistant organisms","author":"Cole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01531.x","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 hands as vectors of hospital-acquired infection: a review","volume":"16","author":"Gould","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082857","article-title":"Visiting policies of hospice wards during the COVID-19 pandemic: an environmental scan in Taiwan","volume":"17","author":"Hsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.08.016","article-title":"Relationships between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria causing nosocomial infections from 1991\u20132003 at a university hospital in Taiwan","volume":"26","author":"Hsueh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2014.12.002","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical distribution of multidrug-resistant bacteria (3537 isolates) in a tertiary Chinese hospital (January 2012-December 2013)","volume":"63","author":"Jia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathol Biol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.04.041","article-title":"COVID-19-associated shortage of alcohol-based hand rubs, face masks, medical gloves and gowns \u2014 proposal for a risk-adapted approach to ensure patient and healthcare worker safety","volume":"105","author":"Kampf","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1086\/596042","article-title":"Impact of a mandatory infection control education program on nosocomial acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25805","article-title":"Potential utilities of mask-wearing and instant hand hygiene for fighting SARS-CoV-2","volume":"92","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132720943331","article-title":"Rigorous hand hygiene practices among health care workers reduce hospital-associated infections during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Roshan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3151","article-title":"Response to COVID-19 in Taiwan: big data analytics, new technology, and proactive testing","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1086\/422641","article-title":"Increase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus acquisition rate and change in pathogen pattern associated with an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Yap","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971220325960?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971220325960?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T07:55:56Z","timestamp":1761119756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971220325960"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["S1201971220325960"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The impact of universal face masking and enhanced hand hygiene for COVID-19 disease prevention on the incidence of hospital-acquired infections in a Taiwanese hospital","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.072","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}