{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:05:42Z","timestamp":1780571142428,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017407","name":"Universidad Internacional de La Rioja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01Al158160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01Al158160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R01 NS034239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01 NS034239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01MH121402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01MH121402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 MH062261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 MH062261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PO1 DA028555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO1 DA028555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PO1 MH64570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO1 MH64570"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DA054535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA054535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS126089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS126089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS36126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS36126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 NS105594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 NS105594"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T11:09:06Z","timestamp":1635592146000},"page":"45-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ultra-long-acting (XLA) antivirals for chronic viral hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4624-5199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Soriano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4585-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benson","family":"Edagwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"de Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noem\u00ed","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6259-5578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Trevi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Gendelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.02.030","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis D and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"73","author":"Alfaiate","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14950","article-title":"Early virological response in six patients with hepatitis D virus infection and compensated cirrhosis treated with bulevirtide in real-life","volume":"41","author":"Asselah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2018.1453805","article-title":"Treatment and prevention of HIV infection with long-acting antiretrovirals","volume":"11","author":"Benitez-Gutierrez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5458","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25690-5","article-title":"Transformation of tenofovir into stable ProTide nanocrystals with long-acting pharmacokinetic profiles","volume":"12","author":"Cobb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30270-X","article-title":"Accelerating the elimination of viral hepatitis","volume":"4","author":"Cooke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0332-6","article-title":"Progress towards elimination goals for viral hepatitis","volume":"17","author":"Cox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2706.210284","article-title":"Reflections on 40 years of AIDS","volume":"27","author":"De Cock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.24875\/AIDSRev.19000080","article-title":"Beyond pegylated interferon-alpha: new treatments for hepatitis delta","volume":"21","author":"Deterding","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021","article-title":"EASL 2017 Clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"67","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0010","first-page":"54","article-title":"Antiretroviral drugs for pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV infection","volume":"14","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Montero","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit145","article-title":"Prophylactic effect of antiretroviral therapy on hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"56","author":"Gatanaga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23668-x","article-title":"Lipophilic nanocrystal prodrug-release defines the extended pharmacokinetic profiles of a year-long cabotegravir","volume":"12","author":"Gautam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011205","article-title":"Pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men","volume":"363","author":"Grant","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00034","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00034-17","article-title":"Waning immunity and microbial vaccines \u2013 Workshop of the NIAID","volume":"24","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000180","article-title":"Protective effect of hepatitis B virus-active antiretroviral therapy against primary hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"28","author":"Heuft","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-0674-z","article-title":"A year-long extended release nanoformulated cabotegravir prodrug","volume":"19","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00398-x","article-title":"Extending treatment eligibility for chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"18","author":"McNaughton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16485","article-title":"One-quarter of chronic hepatitis D patients reach HDV-RNA decline or undetectability during the natural course of the disease","volume":"54","author":"Palom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30056-6","article-title":"Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study","volume":"3","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30181-9","article-title":"Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: a modelling study","volume":"2","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.10.039","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive drug therapy","volume":"148","author":"Reddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.01.014","article-title":"The changing context of hepatitis D","volume":"74","author":"Rizzetto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5148","article-title":"Sexual activity without condoms and risk of HIV transmission in serodifferent couples when the HIV-positive partner is using suppressive antiretroviral therapy","volume":"316","author":"Rodger","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17025","article-title":"Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults: 2020 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society \u2013 USA Panel","volume":"324","author":"Saag","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00218-1","article-title":"Urgent action needed to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030","volume":"6","author":"Samarasekera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318154bd89","article-title":"Selection of HBV vaccine escape mutants in HBV-infected and HBV\/HIV-coinfected patients failing antiretroviral drugs with anti-HBV activity","volume":"46","author":"Sheldon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0027","first-page":"187","article-title":"Rebound in sexually transmitted infections following the success of antiretrovirals for HIV\/AIDS","volume":"20","author":"Soriano","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2021-0177","article-title":"Envisioning a hepatitis delta cure with new antivirals","volume":"16","author":"Soriano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Microb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.008","article-title":"The global prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Stockdale","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa431","article-title":"30 years on the road to hepatitis C elimination","volume":"222","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323888","article-title":"Hepatitis D virus in 2021: virology, immunology and new treatment approaches for a difficult-to-treat disease","volume":"70","author":"Urban","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001520","article-title":"Hepatitis B reactivation \u2013 a review of clinical guidelines","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(20)30651-6","article-title":"48 weeks of high dose (10 mg) bulevirtide as monotherapy or with peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic HBV\/HDV co-infection","volume":"73","author":"Wedemeyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0034","series-title":"Combating hepatitis B and C to reach elimination by 2030","year":"2016"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052_bib0035","first-page":"10","article-title":"A phase 2 dose-optimization study of lonafarnib with ritonavir for the treatment of chronic delta hepatitis - analysis from the LOWR HDV-2 study using the Robogene real-time qPCR HDV RNA assay","volume":"25","author":"Yurdaydin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971221008390?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971221008390?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T08:04:06Z","timestamp":1761120246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971221008390"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S1201971221008390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ultra-long-acting (XLA) antivirals for chronic viral hepatitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.052","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}