{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:33:36Z","timestamp":1793021616314,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009054","name":"U.S. President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T11:51:33Z","timestamp":1642679493000},"page":"245-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"special_numbering":"C","title":["HIV incidence and prevalence among adults aged 15-64 years in Rwanda: Results from the Rwanda Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (RPHIA) and District-level Modeling, 2019"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Sabin","family":"Nsanzimana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gallican Nshogoza","family":"Rwibasira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8087-8849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Sewava","family":"Malamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9552-3298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gentille","family":"Musengimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenie","family":"Kayirangwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasi","family":"Jonnalagadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2171-8973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Fazito Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7728-728X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey W","family":"Eaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronicah","family":"Mugisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Remera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Semakula","family":"Muhamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augustin","family":"Mulindabigwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Omolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9070-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lubbe","family":"Weisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9611-9326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carole","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hetal","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica E","family":"Justman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9940","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60574-2","article-title":"Rwanda 20 years on: investing in life","volume":"384","author":"Binagwaho","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e241","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30025-0","article-title":"HIV incidence in western Kenya during scale-up of antiretroviral therapy and voluntary medical male circumcision: a population-based cohort analysis","volume":"5","author":"Borgdorff","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"S5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25788","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25788","article-title":"a new modelling tool for estimating HIV epidemic indicators at the district level in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"24","author":"Eaton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the International AIDS Society"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462418817050","article-title":"Female sex workers in Kigali, Rwanda: a key population at risk of HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and unplanned pregnancy","volume":"30","author":"Ingabire","year":"2019","journal-title":"International journal of STD & AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0007","unstructured":"Lesotho PHIA. Lesotho Population-Based Hiv Impact Assessment lePHIA 2016\u20132017 [Intenet]. 2019 [cited 2021 April 21]. Available from: https:\/\/phia.icap.columbia.edu\/lephia-final-report\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-019-1055-6","article-title":"HIV prevalence in South Africa through gender and racial lenses: results from the 2012 population-based national household survey","volume":"18","author":"Mabaso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414555931","article-title":"Estimation of the size of the female sex worker population in Rwanda using three different methods","volume":"26","author":"Mutagoma","year":"2015","journal-title":"International journal of STD & AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treating all people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a new era calling for new approaches","volume":"4","author":"Nash","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Virus Erad"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0011","unstructured":"National Institute of statistics Rwanda (NISR). Rwanda demographic and health Survey 2005 [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2021 Nov 15]. Available from: https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/FR183\/FR183.pdf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0012","unstructured":"National Institute of statistics Rwanda (NISR). Rwanda demographic and health Survey 2010 [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2021 Nov 15]. Available from: https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/publications\/publication-fr259-dhs-final-reports.cfm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0013","unstructured":"National Institute of Statistics Rwanda (NISR). Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014\u201315 [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Jun 1]. Available from: www.DHSprogram.com."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e457","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30124-8","article-title":"Household survey of HIV incidence in Rwanda: a national observational cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Nsanzimana","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21635","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.20.5.21635","article-title":"Phased implementation of spaced clinic visits for stable HIV-positive patients in Rwanda to support Treat All","volume":"20","author":"Nsanzimana","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0006","series-title":"Rwanda Launches WHO Campaign To Improve HIV\/AIDS Treatment","author":"Press","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0019","unstructured":"RPHIA 2018-2019 Sampling and weighting technical Report [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2021 December 12]. Available from: PHIA Data Manager (columbia.edu)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0016","unstructured":"Rwanda Ministry of Health. Rwanda National HIV and Viral Hepatitis Annual report 2016\u20132017[Internet]. 2016 [Cited 2021 Feb 10]. Available from: https:\/\/rbc.gov.rw\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/report2019\/report2019\/ Annual Report for HIV 2015\u20132016.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0017","unstructured":"Rwanda Ministry of Health. Rwanda National HIV and Viral Hepatitis Annual report 2017\u20132018 [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Feb 10]. Available from: https:\/\/rbc.gov.rw\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/report2019\/report2019\/ Annual Report for HIV and Viral Hepatitis 2017\u20132018.pdf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0018","unstructured":"Rwanda Ministry of Health. Rwanda Population-based HIV Impact Assessment RPHIA 2018\u20132019 [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 April 21]. Available from: https:\/\/phia.icap.columbia.edu\/rwanda-final-report\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib0020","unstructured":"UNAIDS 2020. Instructions for using the Naomi model V2.3.1 [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 April 20]. Available from: https:\/\/naomi.unaids.org\/public\/resources\/Naomi-basic-instructions.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13473-y","article-title":"Declines in HIV incidence among men and women in a South African population-based cohort","volume":"10","author":"Vandormael","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Communications"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971222000315?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971222000315?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T08:07:41Z","timestamp":1761120461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971222000315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["S1201971222000315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"HIV incidence and prevalence among adults aged 15-64 years in Rwanda: Results from the Rwanda Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (RPHIA) and District-level Modeling, 2019","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.01.032","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}