{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:42:58Z","timestamp":1792633378185,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007707","name":"INAIL","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T20:01:02Z","timestamp":1646424062000},"page":"S12-S19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["The role of IGRA in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, differentiating from active tuberculosis, and decision making for initiating treatment or preventive therapy of tuberculosis infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8360-4376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia","family":"Goletti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Delogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Matteelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2597-574X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Battista","family":"Migliori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30355-4","article-title":"Prognostic value of interferon-\u03b3 release assays and tuberculin skin test in predicting the development of active tuberculosis (UK PREDICT TB): a prospective cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Abubakar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30216-X","article-title":"The cascade of care in diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Alsdurf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02742-2","article-title":"Specific immune-based diagnosis of tuberculosis","volume":"356","author":"Andersen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1205.050681","article-title":"Isoniazid preventive therapy and risk for resistant tuberculosis","volume":"12","author":"Balcells","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00510-2016","article-title":"First evaluation of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus performance in contact screening","volume":"48","author":"Barcellini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Performance of immune-based and microbiological tests in children with tuberculosis meningitis in Europe: a multicentre Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (ptbnet) study","volume":"2","author":"Basu Roy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e267","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00043-4","article-title":"Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA in CD34-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells of asymptomatic tuberculosis contacts: an observational study","volume":"2","author":"Belay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-1150","article-title":"Self-administered Versus Directly Observed Once-Weekly Isoniazid and Rifapentine Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Randomized Trial","volume":"167","author":"Belknap","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0908","article-title":"Rifampicin resistance after treatment for latent tuberculous infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"den Boon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.69","article-title":"Heterogeneity in tuberculosis","volume":"17","author":"Cadena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rppnen.2017.10.007","article-title":"Managing latent tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis in children","volume":"24","author":"Carvalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0012","article-title":"Immune characterization of the HBHA-specific response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected patients with or without HIV infection","volume":"2","author":"Chiacchio","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0107-2018","article-title":"Effectiveness of interventions for reducing TB incidence in countries with low TB incidence: a systematic review of reviews","volume":"28","author":"Collin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140097","article-title":"The spectrum of tuberculosis infection: new perspectives in the era of biologics","volume":"91","author":"Delogu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18315","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018315","article-title":"Methylated HBHA produced in M. smegmatis discriminates between active and non- active tuberculosis disease among RD1-responders","volume":"29","author":"Delogu","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00021","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00021-18","article-title":"Incipient and Subclinical Tuberculosis: a Clinical Review of Early Stages and Progression of Infection","volume":"31","author":"Drain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01957-2019","article-title":"Transcriptional biomarkers for predicting development of tuberculosis: progress and clinical considerations","volume":"55","author":"Esmail","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4161","article-title":"Characterization of progressive HIV-associated tuberculosis using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission and computed tomography","volume":"22","author":"Esmail","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12950-9","article-title":"Comparison of T-cell-based assay with tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a school tuberculosis outbreak","volume":"361","author":"Ewer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2021.07.003","article-title":"First clinical evaluation of the QIAreachTM QuantiFERON-TB for tuberculosis infection and active pulmonary disease","volume":"28","author":"Fukushima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01245-2015","article-title":"Management of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries","volume":"46","author":"Getahun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0022","unstructured":"Global tuberculosis report 2020. n.d. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/9789240013131 (accessed February 1, 2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12577","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012577","article-title":"Is IP-10 an accurate marker for detecting M. tuberculosis-specific response in HIV-infected persons?","volume":"5","author":"Goletti","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140099","article-title":"Performance of the tuberculin skin test and interferon-\u03b3 release assays: an update on the accuracy, cutoff stratification, and new potential immune-based approaches","volume":"91","author":"Goletti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0025","article-title":"Tests for tuberculosis infection: landscape analysis","volume":"58","author":"Hamada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.017","article-title":"Biswas S,et al. Association of baseline white blood cell counts with tuberculosis treatment outcome: a prospective multicentered cohort study","volume":"100","author":"Hedid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1005750","article-title":"Clinical practice. Latent tuberculosis infection in the United States","volume":"364","author":"Horsburgh","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5865","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00683-09","article-title":"Region of difference 1 in nontuberculous Mycobacterium species adds a phylogenetic and taxonomical character","volume":"191","author":"van Ingen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw778","article-title":"Official American Thoracic Society\/Infectious Diseases Society of America\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children","volume":"64","author":"Lewinsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00214014","article-title":"Towards tuberculosis elimination: an action framework for low-incidence countries","volume":"45","author":"L\u00f6nnroth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00052-3","article-title":"Safety and feasibility of 1 month of daily rifapentine plus isoniazid to prevent tuberculosis in children and adolescents: a prospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Malik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30166-5","article-title":"Pediatric TB Contact Studies Consortium. The risk of tuberculosis in children after close exposure: a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis","volume":"395","author":"Martinez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0035-2018","article-title":"Tuberculosis elimination: where are we now?","volume":"27","author":"Matteelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1086\/444463","article-title":"National survey to measure rates of liver injury, hospitalization, and death associated with rifampin and pyrazinamide for latent tuberculosis infection","volume":"41","author":"McElroy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00208","article-title":"Risk Factors for Indeterminate Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Children-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Meier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e841","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00045-0","article-title":"Validation of a host blood transcriptomic biomarker for pulmonary tuberculosis in people living with HIV: a prospective diagnostic and prognostic accuracy study","volume":"9","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-10-200811180-00003","article-title":"Adverse events with 4 months of rifampin therapy or 9 months of isoniazid therapy for latent tuberculosis infection: a randomized trial","volume":"149","author":"Menzies","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migliori GB, et\u00a0al. Clinical standards for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of TB infection. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.21.0753, in press.","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.21.0753"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0038","article-title":"The definition of tuberculosis infection based on the spectrum of tuberculosis disease","volume":"17","author":"Migliori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00391-2019","article-title":"Reducing tuberculosis transmission: a consensus document from the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe","volume":"53","author":"Migliori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2021.07.010","article-title":"Making IGRA testing easier: First performance report of QIAreach QFT for tuberculosis infection diagnosis","volume":"28","author":"Miotto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.716857","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis Immune Response in Patients With Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease","volume":"12","author":"Petruccioli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01012-2016","article-title":"Correlates of tuberculosis risk: predictive biomarkers for progression to active tuberculosis","volume":"48","author":"Petruccioli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.09.011","article-title":"Combined use of Quantiferon and HBHA-based IGRA supports tuberculosis diagnosis and therapy management in children","volume":"77","author":"Sali","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix505","article-title":"High Rate of Treatment Completion in Program Settings With 12-Dose Weekly Isoniazid and Rifapentine for Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection","volume":"65","author":"Sandul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30914-2","article-title":"Biomarker-guided tuberculosis preventive therapy (CORTIS): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Scriba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1104875","article-title":"Three months of rifapentine and isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection","volume":"365","author":"Sterling","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806808","article-title":"One Month of Rifapentine plus Isoniazid to Prevent HIV-Related Tuberculosis","volume":"380","author":"Swindells","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254571","article-title":"Mycobacterial heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA)-induced interferon-\u03b3 release assay (IGRA) for discrimination of latent and active tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz548","article-title":"A Novel, High-sensitivity, Bacteriophage-based Assay Identifies Low-level Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacteremia in Immunocompetent Patients With Active and Incipient Tuberculosis","volume":"70","author":"Verma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.3158","article-title":"Treatment for preventing tuberculosis in children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial of a 3-month, 12-dose regimen of a combination of rifapentine and isoniazid","volume":"169","author":"Villarino","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0052","series-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2021: Executive Summary","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0051","series-title":"Consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: tuberculosis preventive treatment: Module 1: prevention","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-0609","article-title":"Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: An Updated Network Meta-analysis","volume":"167","author":"Zenner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971222001266?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971222001266?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T08:10:12Z","timestamp":1761120612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971222001266"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S1201971222001266"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The role of IGRA in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, differentiating from active tuberculosis, and decision making for initiating treatment or preventive therapy of tuberculosis infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}