{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T07:27:00Z","timestamp":1793086020803,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T20:53:51Z","timestamp":1647982431000},"page":"41-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Toward Typhoid Fever Elimination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4158-5995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhana","family":"Khanam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen G.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel A.J.","family":"McMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firdausi","family":"Qadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0001","first-page":"2020","article-title":"Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid: evolution, prevention, and its management","author":"Akram","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221193","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of fecal contamination in multiple environmental sample types in urban communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh using SaniPath microbial approach","volume":"14","author":"Amin","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Supplement_7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S781","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab449","article-title":"Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines: Advancing the Research and Public Health Agendas","volume":"224","author":"Birkhold","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00002-15","article-title":"Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections","volume":"28","author":"Crump","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.11.044","article-title":"Policymakers' views regarding the introduction of new-generation vaccines against typhoid fever, shigellosis and cholera in Asia","volume":"23","author":"DeRoeck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1998","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001998","article-title":"Typhoid Fever and its association with environmental factors in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area of Bangladesh: a spatial and time-series approach","volume":"7","author":"Dewan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.159","article-title":"Typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges of diagnosis and management of infections","volume":"2","author":"Kariuki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4340-y","article-title":"Performance of Widal test and stool culture in the diagnosis of typhoid fever among suspected patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","volume":"12","author":"Mawazo","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1688","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00370-3","article-title":"Burden of enteric fever at three urban sites in Africa and Asia: a multicentre population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Meiring","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9589208","article-title":"Estimating Typhoid Fever Risk Associated with Lack of Access to Safe Water: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"2018","author":"Mogasale","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02031.x","article-title":"Typhoid fever in children in Africa","volume":"13","author":"Mweu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.03.018","article-title":"Clinical value of Tubex and Typhidot rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid fever in an urban community clinic in Bangladesh","volume":"61","author":"Naheed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.09.038","article-title":"Assessing strategies for increasing urban routine immunization coverage of childhood vaccines in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature","volume":"34","author":"Nelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.039818","article-title":"A study of typhoid fever in five Asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls","volume":"86","author":"Ochiai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020201","article-title":"Typhoid fever","volume":"347","author":"Parry","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"l","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0032","article-title":"Introductory Article on Global Burden and Epidemiology of Typhoid Fever","volume":"99","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002819","article-title":"Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map","volume":"16","author":"Rogers Van Katwyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.01.014","article-title":"Can we 'WaSH' infectious diseases out of slums?","volume":"92","author":"Ross","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6870","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25234-w","article-title":"Seasonal dynamics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever","volume":"8","author":"Saad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0021","first-page":"e5663","article-title":"An Overview of Extensively Drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan","volume":"11","author":"Saeed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S770","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab393","article-title":"Prospects of Future Typhoid and Paratyphoid Vaccines in Endemic Countries","volume":"224","author":"Shakya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20310","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56688-1","article-title":"Distinct climate influences on the risk of typhoid compared to invasive non-typhoid Salmonella disease in Blantyre","volume":"9","author":"Thindwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malawi. Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822009000100001","article-title":"Principles and applications of polymerase chain reaction in medical diagnostic fields: a review","volume":"40","author":"Valones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0007","unstructured":"IHME. Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. GBD 2020 Cause and Risk Summaries: Typhoid fever \u2014 Level 4 cause. Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). 2020. Available from: http:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/results\/gbd_summaries\/2019\/typhoid-fever-level-4-cause."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036_bib0025","unstructured":"WHO. Background document: The diagnosis, treatment and prevention of typhoid fever; 2003. Available from: https:\/\/www.glowm.com\/pdf\/WHO-diagnosis%20treatment%20prevention%20of%20typhoid%20fever-2003-CustomLicense.pdf. [Accessed 16 Mar 2022]."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971222001758?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971222001758?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T08:06:45Z","timestamp":1761120405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971222001758"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["S1201971222001758"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Toward Typhoid Fever Elimination","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.036","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}