{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T21:26:48Z","timestamp":1785101208930,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T13:24:23Z","timestamp":1656249863000},"page":"469-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Late-onset opportunistic infections while receiving anti-retroviral therapy in Latin America: burden and risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8859-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Crabtree-Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan E.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Sterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Cahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valdil\u00e9a G.","family":"Veloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9101-9783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia P","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Padgett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Gotuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Sierra-Madero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"McGowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K.","family":"Person","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9212-1560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanink","family":"Caro-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0005","unstructured":"AIDS and opportunistic infections, Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/basics\/livingwithhiv\/opportunisticinfections.html, 2021 (accessed 2 October 2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.26.1.40","article-title":"Age-associated predictors of medication adherence in HIV- positive adults: health beliefs, self-efficacy, and neurocognitive status","volume":"26","author":"Barclay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heal Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.147447","article-title":"Monitoring of HIV treatment in seven countries in the WHO Region of the Americas","volume":"93","author":"Belaunzar\u00e1n-Zamudio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0003","unstructured":"Bisbal O, Lo LF, Id MR, Dom\u0131 L, Busca C, Antela A, et\u00a0al. Late presentation for HIV remains a major health issue in Spain\u00a0: results from a multicenter cohort study, 2004 \u20132018 2021:2004\u201318. ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98666","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098666","article-title":"Trends in AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses incidence over 25 years in Rio de Janeiro","volume":"9","author":"Coelho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brazil. PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.08.004","article-title":"Outcomes of HIV-positive patients with cryptococcal meningitis in the Americas","volume":"63","author":"Crabtree Ram\u00edrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20272","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020272","article-title":"Cross-sectional analysis of late HARRT initiation in Latin America and the Caribbean: late testers and late presenters","volume":"6","author":"Crabtree-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153921","article-title":"Time to HAART initiation after diagnosis and treatment of opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS in Latin America","volume":"11","author":"Crabtree-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144","article-title":"A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk","volume":"94","author":"Fine","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-013-0107-7","article-title":"Aging, antiretrovirals, and adherence: A meta analysis of adherence among older HIV-infected individuals","volume":"30","author":"Ghidei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2016.25.40.8329","article-title":"High prevalence and excess mortality of late presenters among HIV-1, HIV-2 and HIV-1\/2 dually infected patients in Guinea-Bissau - a cohort study from West Africa","volume":"25","author":"Honge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0379","article-title":"Late presentation HIV \/AIDS is still a challenge","volume":"34","author":"Komninakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3251-1","article-title":"AIDS-related opportunistic illnesses and early initiation of HIV care remain critical in the contemporary HAART era: A retrospective cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym073","article-title":"Cohort profile: Caribbean, Central and South America Network for HIV research (CCASAnet) collaboration within the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) programme: Caribbean","volume":"36","author":"Mcgowan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identifying risk factors for late HIV diagnosis and survival analysis of people living with HIV \/AIDS in Iran 1987\u20132016","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318199072e","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy adherence, virologic and immunologic outcomes in adolescents compared with adults in Southern Africa","volume":"51","author":"Nachega","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.01.017","article-title":"Impact of late presentation of HIV infection on short-, mid- and long-term mortality and causes of death in a multicenter national cohort\u00a0: 2004-2013","volume":"72","author":"Sobrino-vegas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2196-0","article-title":"Comparison of antiretroviral therapy Adherence Among HIV Infected Older Adults with Younger Adults in Africa\u00a0: systematic review and meta analysis","volume":"23","author":"Soomro","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001126","article-title":"Immune recovery in HIV-infected patients after Candida esophagitis is impaired despite long-term antiretroviral therapy","volume":"30","author":"Stuehler","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0020","first-page":"40","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of older HIV- infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Malawi\u00a0: a retrospective observation cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Tweya","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206796","article-title":"Ten years of antiretroviral therapy: incidences, patterns and risk factors of opportunistic infections in an urban Ugandan cohort","volume":"13","author":"Weissberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12064","article-title":"Immune restoration after antiretroviral therapy: the pitfalls of hasty or incomplete repairs","volume":"254","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000817","article-title":"Clinical and virologic outcomes after changes in first antiretroviral regimen at 7 sites in the Caribbean, Central and South America network","volume":"71","author":"Wolff","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971222003757?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971222003757?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T14:34:25Z","timestamp":1715438065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971222003757"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S1201971222003757"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Late-onset opportunistic infections while receiving anti-retroviral therapy in Latin America: burden and risk factors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}