{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:32:23Z","timestamp":1762918343408,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T04:39:07Z","timestamp":1659587947000},"page":"25-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exhaled breath SARS-CoV-2 shedding patterns across variants of concern"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6441-1843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joren","family":"Raymenants","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wout","family":"Duthoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Stakenborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Verbruggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Verplanken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"Feys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joost","family":"Van Duppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rabea","family":"Hanifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Marchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7592-2999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andy","family":"Lambrechts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4571-5232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piet","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0225-1631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nik","family":"Van den Wijngaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Peumans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.19623","article-title":"Association of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection with risk of breakthrough infection following MRNA vaccination in Qatar","volume":"326","author":"Abu-Raddad","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac202","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 in exhaled aerosol particles from Covid-19 cases and its association to household transmission","author":"Alsved","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0003","article-title":"Increased transmissibility of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is driven either by viral load or probability of infection Rather than environmental stability","author":"Arav","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.37.2100824","article-title":"Characterisation of vaccine breakthrough infections of Sars-Cov-2 delta and alpha variants and within-host viral load dynamics in the community, France, June to July 2021","volume":"26","author":"Blanquart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.65774","article-title":"Heterogeneity in transmissibility and shedding SARS-CoV-2 via droplets and aerosols","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.70458","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 shedding dynamics across the respiratory tract, sex, and disease severity for adult and pediatric COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0007","article-title":"Comprehensive immunovirological and environmental screening reveals risk factors for fatal COVID-19 during post-vaccination nursing home outbreaks","author":"Cuypers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Research Square"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00152-0","article-title":"Duration of effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease: results of a systematic review and meta-regression","volume":"399","author":"Feikin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.4686","article-title":"COVID-19 transmission dynamics among close contacts of index patients with COVID-19: A population-based cohort study in Zhejiang Province, China","volume":"181","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.1c00312","article-title":"Detecting COVID-19 from breath: A game changer for a big challenge","volume":"6","author":"Giovannini","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00869-2","article-title":"Ten scientific reasons in support of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"397","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0012","unstructured":"Kissler S, Hay J, Fauver JR, Mack C, Tai CG. Viral dynamics and duration of PCR positivity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant citation. https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2022.01.13.22269257v1, 2022 (accessed 6 February 2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.06.011","article-title":"The incubation period of the SARS-CoV-2 B1.1.7 variant is shorter than that of other strains","volume":"83","author":"Homma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9112371","article-title":"Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Longitudinal Study Showing Higher Viral Load and Increased Transmissibility of the Alpha Variant Compared to Previous Strains","volume":"9","author":"Julin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2102507","article-title":"Viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants in vaccinated and unvaccinated persons","volume":"385","author":"Kissler","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01575-4","article-title":"Viral loads of delta-variant SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections after vaccination and booster with BNT162b2","volume":"27","author":"Levine-Tiefenbrun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"taab124","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taab124","article-title":"The reproductive number of the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 is far higher compared to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e652","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1283","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 patients in earlier stages exhaled millions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 per hour","volume":"72","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.07.012","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2: viral loads of exhaled breath and oronasopharyngeal specimens in hospitalized patients with COVID-19","volume":"110","author":"Malik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30985-3","article-title":"Transmission of COVID-19 in 282 clusters in Catalonia, Spain: A cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Marks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-5008","article-title":"Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a review of viral, host, and environmental factors","volume":"174","author":"Meyerowitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010030","article-title":"Relative reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) compared with delta variant in South Africa","volume":"11","author":"Nishiura","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01679-5","article-title":"Initial Analysis of Viral Dynamics and Circulating Viral Variants During the MRNA-1273 Phase 3 COVE Trial","volume":"28","author":"Pajon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01318-5","article-title":"Sensitivity of infectious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants to neutralizing antibodies","volume":"27","author":"Planas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03777-9","article-title":"Reduced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta to antibody neutralization","volume":"596","author":"Planas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04389-z","article-title":"Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 omicron to antibody neutralization","volume":"602","author":"Planas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01548-7","article-title":"Effect of delta variant on viral burden and vaccine effectiveness against new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the UK","volume":"27","author":"Pouwels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01816-0","article-title":"Infectious viral load in unvaccinated and vaccinated patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 WT, delta and Omicron 2","volume":"28","author":"Puhach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00262-0","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Spike Variants Bind Human ACE2 with Increased Affinity","volume":"21","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raymenants J, Geenen C, Thibaut J, Mr Nelissen KU, Leuven SG, Emmanuel A. Empirical evidence on the efficiency of backward contact tracing in COVID-19 Research Square. 12 May 2022. doi: 10.21203\/RS.3.RS-952839\/V2 (accessed 20 june 2022)","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-952839\/v2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215705","article-title":"Use of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in the diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19)","volume":"76","author":"Ryan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37103","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/ac0414","article-title":"RT-PCR diagnosis of COVID-19 from exhaled breath condensate: A clinical study","volume":"15","author":"Sawano","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2203086119","article-title":"Hybrid measurement of respiratory aerosol reveals a dominant coarse fraction resulting from speech that remains airborne for minutes","volume":"119","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00648-4","article-title":"Community transmission and viral load kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) variant in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in the UK: a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Singanayagam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab337","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of diagnostic test performance over the course of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"224","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0036","article-title":"Molecular detection of SARS-Cov-2 in exhaled breath using a portable sampler","author":"Stakenborg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research Square"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl6184","article-title":"Rapid assessment of SARS-CoV-2\u2013Evolved variants using virus-like particles","volume":"374","author":"Syed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n913","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n913","article-title":"Covid-19 has redefined airborne transmission","volume":"373","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107058","article-title":"Prevention and attenuation of Covid-19 with the BNT162b2 and MRNA-1273 vaccines","volume":"385","author":"Thompson","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0040","article-title":"Transmission, viral kinetics and clinical characteristics of the emergent SARS-CoV-2 delta VOC in Guangzhou","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"China. EClinicalmedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0041","article-title":"The hyper-transmissible SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant exhibits significant antigenic change, vaccine escape and a switch in cell entry mechanism","author":"Willett","year":"2022","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.652842","article-title":"Characteristics of viral shedding time in SARS-CoV-2 infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971222004660?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971222004660?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T08:07:34Z","timestamp":1761120454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971222004660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S1201971222004660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1201-9712"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exhaled breath SARS-CoV-2 shedding patterns across variants of concern","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.07.069","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}