{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:13:20Z","timestamp":1790882000574,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T04:52:12Z","timestamp":1680151932000},"page":"95-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prior viral infection determines the mode and severity of monkeypox virus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0587-9056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussain","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Paidas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Fadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6992-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajalakshmi","family":"Ramamoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efrain","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahraa F.","family":"Saadoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Casmartino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Ruiz-Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arumugam R.","family":"Jayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0001","series-title":"Five charts on monkeypox, past and present","author":"Gergen","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2208860","volume":"387","author":"Gessain","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMicm2206893","article-title":"Monkeypox genital lesions","volume":"387","author":"Patrocinio-Jesus","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0004","series-title":"2022 outbreak cases and data","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00359-0","article-title":"Tracking the 2022 monkeypox outbreak with epidemiological data in real-time","volume":"22","author":"Kraemer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00411-X","article-title":"Demographic and clinical characteristics of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in individuals attending a sexual health centre in London, UK: an observational analysis","volume":"22","author":"Girometti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2007.054015","article-title":"The HIV-positive skin biopsy","volume":"61","author":"Grayson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6987.2005.00254.x","article-title":"Monkeypox virus: histologic, immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic findings","volume":"32","author":"Bayer-Garner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add4153","article-title":"Multiple lineages of monkeypox virus detected in the United States, 2021\u20132022","volume":"378","author":"Gigante","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/740138","article-title":"Morphologic features of extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"2012","author":"Ko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01215-4","article-title":"Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10388","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i47.10388","article-title":"Clinical features of acute hepatitis E super-infections on chronic hepatitis B","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-019-2097-0","article-title":"Superinfective hepatitis E virus infection aggravates hepatocytes injury in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"39","author":"Kilonzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0014","series-title":"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine","first-page":"21e","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122800","article-title":"Reassessment of evidence about coinfection of chickenpox and monkeypox (Mpox) in African children","volume":"14","author":"Khallafallah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106734","article-title":"Human monkeypox coinfections; lessons from available cases - Correspondence","volume":"104","author":"Karbalaei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3390\/v14010098","article-title":"Gammaherpesvirus alters alveolar macrophages according to the host genetic background and promotes beneficial inflammatory control over Pneumovirus Infection","volume":"14","author":"Gilliaux","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00662-4","article-title":"Immunological signature in human cases of monkeypox infection in 2022 outbreak: an observational study","volume":"23","author":"Agrati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2019.10.006","article-title":"Cytokines and serum amyloid A in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"50","author":"Abouelasrar Salama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0020","first-page":"E804","article-title":"Monkeypox associated acute arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Fonti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624221114998","article-title":"Human monkeypox coinfection with acute HIV: an exuberant presentation","volume":"33","author":"de Sousa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102368","article-title":"Coinfection of syphilis and monkeypox in HIV positive man in Prague, Czech Republic","volume":"49","author":"B\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa143","article-title":"Clinical Course and Outcome of Human Monkeypox in Nigeria","volume":"71","author":"Ogoina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0024","article-title":"A case of monkeypox coinfection with syphilis in an Ecuadorian HIV positive young male","volume":"52","author":"Zambrano S\u00e1nchez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.08.014","article-title":"First case of monkeypox virus, SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection","volume":"86","author":"Nolasco","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001694","article-title":"Monkeypox and herpes simplex virus type 2 coinfection: case report of perianal lesions in HIV-positive patient","volume":"49","author":"Zl\u00e1mal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-017-1266-5","article-title":"Varicella coinfection in patients with active monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"14","author":"Hoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0028","article-title":"The first case of acute HIV and monkeypox coinfection in Latin America","volume":"27","author":"Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0589","article-title":"A tale of two viruses: coinfections of monkeypox and varicella zoster virus in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"104","author":"Hughes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1094346","article-title":"COVID-19 and monkeypox co-infection: a rapid systematic review","volume":"13","author":"El-Qushayri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0499","article-title":"Case report: symptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 and monkeypox coinfection in an adult male","volume":"107","author":"Prabaker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102510","article-title":"First reports of monkeypox and varicella-zoster virus coinfection in the global human monkeypox outbreak in 2022","volume":"51","author":"Martins-Filho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102447","article-title":"Syphilis and monkeypox co-infection: coincidence, synergy or asymptomatic carriage?","volume":"50","author":"Ramoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1066589","article-title":"The epidemiological trend of monkeypox and monkeypox-varicella zoster viruses co-infection in North-Eastern Nigeria","volume":"10","author":"Stephen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0035","first-page":"243","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of monkeypox virus infections among men with and without HIV: a large outbreak cohort in Germany","volume":"3","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-023-03826-z","article-title":"Rectal shedding of monkeypox virus in a patient coinfected with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Desgranges","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28500","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28500","article-title":"Monkeypox virus, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus skin coinfections","volume":"95","author":"AbdullGaffar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0038","first-page":"8875","article-title":"Monkeypox virus and secondary syphilis co-infection in a HIV-positive man","volume":"1","author":"Paparizos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0039","first-page":"e33705","article-title":"Herpes and chest pain: two atypical monkeypox cases","volume":"15","author":"Videlefsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e319","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18655","article-title":"Monkeypox virus infection in HIV-1-coinfected patients previously vaccinated against smallpox: a series of 4 cases from Portugal","volume":"37","author":"Braz\u00e3o","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28328","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28328","article-title":"Concomitant diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections and human monkeypox in patients attending a sexual health clinic in Milan, Italy","volume":"95","author":"Rizzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Virol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971223001261?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971223001261?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T08:10:29Z","timestamp":1761120629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971223001261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S1201971223001261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prior viral infection determines the mode and severity of monkeypox virus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.03.047","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}