{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T03:19:54Z","timestamp":1792207194953,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K07034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K07034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22HA2001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22HA2001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T16:42:44Z","timestamp":1708360964000},"page":"106954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Epidemiological shifts in and impact of COVID-19 on streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Japan: A genotypic analysis of group A Streptococcus isolates"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"142","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1021-1728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadayoshi","family":"Ikebe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumi","family":"Okuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Uchitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9296-0348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Isobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emi","family":"Maenishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshimi","family":"Date","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Kazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mami","family":"Takano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Tsukamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Akeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.1.2","article-title":"Invasive group A Streptococcus infections","volume":"14","author":"Stevens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500030082037","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal infections and the emergence of streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. A retrospective population-based study","volume":"269","author":"Hoge","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19988","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.41.19988-en","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal disease in Ireland, 2004 to 2010","volume":"16","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.2165\/11634180-000000000-00000","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal disease: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management","volume":"72","author":"Steer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20556","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.33.20556","article-title":"Increased incidence of invasive group A streptococcal disease in Ireland, 2012 to 2013","volume":"18","author":"Meehan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.67.236","article-title":"Case report of toxic shock-like syndrome due to group A streptococcal infection","volume":"67","author":"Shimizu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Kansenshogaku Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268803008331","article-title":"Changing prevalent T serotypes and emm genotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (TSLS) patients in Japan","volume":"130","author":"Ikebe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807007984","article-title":"Distribution of emm genotypes among group A Streptococcus isolates from patients with severe invasive streptococcal infections in Japan, 2001\u20132005","volume":"135","author":"Ikebe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814001265","article-title":"Increased prevalence of group A Streptococcus isolates in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome cases in Japan from 2010 to 2012","volume":"143","author":"Ikebe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2021.151496","article-title":"Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of group A Streptococcus isolates in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome cases in Japan from 2013 to 2018","volume":"311","author":"Ikebe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2010.02.007","article-title":"The streptococcal M protein: a highly versatile molecule","volume":"18","author":"Smeesters","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0940-9_12","article-title":"The nonideal coiled coil of M protein and its multifarious functions in pathogenesis","volume":"715","author":"Ghosh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00865-7","article-title":"Pathogenesis, epidemiology and control of Group A Streptococcus infection","volume":"21","author":"Brouwer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E222","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12134","article-title":"Updated model of group A Streptococcus M proteins based on a comprehensive worldwide study","volume":"19","author":"McMillan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.4.896","article-title":"Genetic correlates of throat and skin isolates of group A streptococci","volume":"173","author":"Bessen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4285","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.13.4285-4294.2004","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus pyogenes representing most known emm types and distinctions among subpopulation genetic structures","volume":"186","author":"McGregor","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-59","article-title":"Relationships between emm and multilocus sequence types within a global collection of Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"8","author":"Bessen","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.03.002","article-title":"Population biology of the human restricted pathogen, Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"9","author":"Bessen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0019","series-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","article-title":"Streptococcus pyogenes","author":"Bisno","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02715.x","article-title":"emm typing of group A Streptococcus clinical isolates: identification of dominant types for throat and skin isolates","volume":"46","author":"Tanaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1891-6","article-title":"Comparative M-protein analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes from pharyngitis and skin infections in New Zealand: implications for vaccine development","volume":"16","author":"Williamson","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e360","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(21)00077-7","volume":"3","author":"Brueggemann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10451","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2022.2128663","article-title":"Maternal death due to serious group A streptococcal toxic shock syndrome reduced after the coronavirus disease pandemic in Japan","volume":"35","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.1.2200942","article-title":"Increase in invasive group A streptococcal infection notifications, England, 2022","volume":"28","author":"Guy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.1.2200941","article-title":"Increase in invasive group A streptococcal (Streptococcus pyogenes) infections (iGAS) in young children in the Netherlands, 2022","volume":"28","author":"de Gier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000156","article-title":"Current scenario of recently rising up cases of invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections in younger children in many European nations: clinical management and prospective counteracting measures - an update","volume":"109","author":"Chopra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-020-02033-3","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic in Japan","volume":"50","author":"Watanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/875647939000600106","article-title":"Interpretation of the correlation coefficient: a basic review","volume":"6","author":"Taylor","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Diagn Med Sonogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0029","article-title":"Mask or no mask for COVID-19: a public health and market study","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2910.230675","article-title":"Expansion of invasive group A Streptococcus M1UK lineage in active bacterial core surveillance, United States, 2019\u20122021","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971224000225?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971224000225?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T11:04:06Z","timestamp":1723201446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971224000225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S1201971224000225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epidemiological shifts in and impact of COVID-19 on streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Japan: A genotypic analysis of group A Streptococcus isolates","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.01.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106954"}}