{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T22:14:04Z","timestamp":1788560044488,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Carlos III Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T00:42:48Z","timestamp":1736556168000},"page":"107778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Emergence of invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in Spain (2012-2022): genomic insights and clinical correlations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"153","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4196-7627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillem","family":"L\u00f3pez de Egea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall J","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Gu\u00e9don","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3689-3360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e0maris","family":"Berbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3040-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Immaculada","family":"Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"C\u00e0mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Saiz-Escobedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Calvo-Silveria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Cadenas-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Marim\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Cercenado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Casabella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Mart\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. \u00c1ngeles","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Leblond-Bourget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M","family":"Musser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0225-607X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Ardanuy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-46-3-774","article-title":"Taxonomic study of lancefield streptococcal groups C, G, and L (Streptococcus dysgalactiae) and proposal of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis subsp. nov","volume":"46","author":"Vandamme","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72S","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.83.s1.8.x","article-title":"Pyogenic streptococci of Lancefield groups C and G as pathogens in man","volume":"83","author":"Efstratiou","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05900-11","article-title":"Delineation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae, its subspecies, and its clinical and phylogenetic relationship to Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"50","author":"Jensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00175-23","article-title":"Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis infection and its intersection with Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"37","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"O216","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12378","article-title":"Nationwide laboratory-based surveillance of invasive beta-haemolytic streptococci in Denmark from 2005 to 2011","volume":"20","author":"Lambertsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2202.141732","article-title":"Molecular characterization of invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, Japan","volume":"22","author":"Wajima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02672.x","article-title":"Clinical presentations and epidemiology of \u03b2-haemolytic streptococcal bacteraemia: a population-based study","volume":"15","author":"Rantala","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08162-z","article-title":"Emergence of a Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis stG62647-lineage associated with severe clinical manifestations","volume":"7","author":"Oppegaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04119-9","article-title":"Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis from invasive and non-invasive infections in Spain: combining epidemiology, molecular characterization, and genetic diversity","volume":"40","author":"Rojo-Bezares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01262-13","article-title":"CNR-Strep Network. Adult invasive and noninvasive infections due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in France from 2006 to 2010","volume":"51","author":"Loubinoux","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.3.841-846.2006","article-title":"Clonal relationships between invasive and noninvasive Lancefield group C and G Streptococci and emm-specific differences in invasiveness","volume":"44","author":"Pinho","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12040589","article-title":"Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis stG62647 and Other emm Types in Germany","volume":"12","author":"Itzek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03618-21","article-title":"Integrative reverse genetic analysis identifies polymorphisms contributing to decreased antimicrobial agent susceptibility in Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"13","author":"Beres","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1086\/597035","article-title":"Population-based study of invasive disease due to \u03b2-hemolytic streptococci of groups other than A and B","volume":"48","author":"Broyles","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10122316","article-title":"An overview of macrolide resistance in streptococci: prevalence, mobile elements and dynamics","volume":"10","author":"Berbel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01377-09","article-title":"Portuguese Group for the Study of Streptococcal Infections. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and evidence for a shared global gene pool with Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"54","author":"Pinho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.03047.x","article-title":"Invasive Streptococcal Disease Working Group. Clinical aspects of invasive infections with Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis in Japan: differences with respect to Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae infections","volume":"16","author":"Takahashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2092-0","article-title":"Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia: an emerging infection","volume":"33","author":"Rantala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04550-22","article-title":"Analysis of the genomics and mouse virulence of an emergent clone of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis","volume":"11","author":"Beres","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq006","article-title":"Molecular characterization of macrolide- and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from adult patients in Barcelona, Spain (1993\u20132008)","volume":"65","author":"Ardanuy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00190-20","article-title":"Bactopia: a flexible pipeline for complete analysis of bacterial genomes","volume":"5","author":"Petit","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17350","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96710-z","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing reveals possible host species adaptation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae","volume":"11","author":"Porcellato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.06.011","article-title":"A chimeric penicillin binding Protein 2X significantly decreases in vitro beta-lactam susceptibility and increases in vivo fitness of Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"192","author":"Olsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0024","series-title":"Committee for the Update of the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (U.S.). Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0025","unstructured":"Plotly Technologies Inc. Collaborative Data Science, https:\/\/plot.ly 2015 [accessed 20 May 2024]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47816-1","article-title":"Overlapping Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis household transmission and mobile genetic element exchange","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0027","first-page":"1483","article-title":"New insights into the classification and integration specificity of streptococcus integrative conjugative elements through extensive genome exploration","volume":"6","author":"Ambroset","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00443","article-title":"A glimpse into the world of integrative and mobilizable elements in streptococci reveals an unexpected diversity and novel families of mobilization proteins","volume":"8","author":"Coluzzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab130","article-title":"Deciphering mobile genetic elements disseminating macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes over a 21 year period in Barcelona, Spain","volume":"76","author":"Berbel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac199","article-title":"Genomic features of predominant non-PCV13 serotypes responsible for adult invasive pneumococcal disease in Spain","volume":"77","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-D\u00edaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2903.221060","article-title":"Clonal expansion of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis causing bacteremia, Japan, 2005\u20132021","volume":"29","author":"Shinohara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2902.221218","article-title":"Streptococcus dysgalactiae bloodstream infections, Norway, 1999\u20132021","volume":"29","author":"Oppegaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2307.161259","article-title":"Clonal clusters and virulence factors of Group C and G Streptococcus causing severe infections, Manitoba, Canada, 2012\u20132014","volume":"23","author":"Lother","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e360","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(21)00077-7","volume":"3","author":"Brueggemann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1171913","article-title":"Genomic epidemiology of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strains causing invasive disease in Norway during 2018","volume":"14","author":"Kaci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2005.07.013","article-title":"Lack of mitogenic activity of speG- and speG(dys)-positive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis isolates from patients with invasive infections","volume":"295","author":"Brandt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6509","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.20.6509-6511.1997","article-title":"Genetic diversity in temperate bacteriophages of Streptococcus pyogenes: identification of a second attachment site for phages carrying the erythrogenic toxin A gene","volume":"179","author":"McShan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00676","article-title":"Horizontal gene transfer and recombination in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis","volume":"5","author":"McNeilly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-018-0198-x","article-title":"Delafloxacin: place in therapy and review of microbiologic, clinical and pharmacologic properties","volume":"7","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030579","article-title":"A new integrative and mobilizable element is a major contributor to tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis","volume":"12","author":"L\u00f3pez de Egea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac163","article-title":"Landscape of mobile genetic elements and their antibiotic resistance cargo in prokaryotic genomes","volume":"50","author":"Khedkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.23907\/2018.010","article-title":"The shock of strep: rapid deaths due to group a Streptococcus","volume":"8","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad Forensic Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115207","article-title":"Identification of Streptococcus dysgalactiae using matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry; refining the database for improved identification","volume":"99","author":"Nybakken","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2015.10.001","article-title":"Prevalence of emm types and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in Austria","volume":"305","author":"Leitner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971225000025?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971225000025?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T11:24:08Z","timestamp":1742037848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971225000025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1201971225000025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Emergence of invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in Spain (2012-2022): genomic insights and clinical correlations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107778","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107778"}}