{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T00:00:46Z","timestamp":1794009646284,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1190754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1190754"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1158469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1158469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2034827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2034827"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T15:45:16Z","timestamp":1742053516000},"page":"107891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Progression of lymphatic filariasis antigenaemia and microfilaraemia over 4.5 years in antigen-positive individuals, Samoa 2019-2023"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3462-4324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen J.","family":"Mayfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6761-2325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benn","family":"Sartorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramona","family":"Muttucumaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Sheridan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddison","family":"Howlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatris Mario","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7499-7662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Hedtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satupaitea","family":"Viali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia M.","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen L.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9747","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60586-7","article-title":"Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis","volume":"376","author":"Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0002","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2024. Neglected tropical diseases. Geneva. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/neglected-tropical-diseases#tab=tab_1 [accessed 07\/04\/2025]."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05268-w","article-title":"A refined and updated health impact assessment of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (2000\u20132020)","volume":"15","author":"Turner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-017-0075-4","article-title":"Overview of PacELF\u2014the Pacific programme for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis","volume":"45","author":"Ichimori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"issue":"Suppl_1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihaa087","article-title":"Progress in the elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Western Pacific Region: successes and challenges","volume":"13","author":"Yajima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2021.03.002","article-title":"Control and elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Oceania: prevalence, geographical distribution, mass drug administration, and surveillance in Samoa, 1998-2017","volume":"114","author":"Graves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0007","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO recommends triple drug therapy to accelerate global elimination of lymphatic filariasis. 2017. Geneva. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/news\/WHO_recommends_triple_medicine_therapy_for_LF_elimination\/en\/ [accessed 07\/04\/2025]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0008","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Samoa rolls out triple drug therapy to accelerate elimination of lymphatic filariasis. 2018: Geneva. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/24-08-2018-samoa-rolls-out-triple-drug-therapy-to-accelerate-elimination-of-lymphatic-filariasis [accessed 07\/04\/2025]."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008854","article-title":"A community survey of coverage and adverse events following country-wide triple-drug mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination, Samoa 2018","volume":"14","author":"Willis","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guideline: alternative mass drug administrations to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. 2017. Available from: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/259381\/9789241550161-eng.pdf [accessed 07\/04\/2025]."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6020044","article-title":"Triple-drug treatment is effective for lymphatic filariasis microfilaria clearance in Samoa","volume":"6","author":"Graves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008927","article-title":"Lymphatic filariasis epidemiology in Samoa in 2018: geographic clustering and higher antigen prevalence in older age groups","volume":"14","author":"Lau","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30053-0","article-title":"Measles epidemic in Samoa and other Pacific islands","volume":"20","author":"Craig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012236","article-title":"Ongoing transmission of lymphatic filariasis in Samoa 4.5 years after one round of triple-drug mass drug administration","volume":"18","author":"Mayfield","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0015","unstructured":"Samoa Bureau of Statistics, Samoa population and housing census 2021 basic tables. 2022: Apia, Samoa."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.7601\/mez.52.11_1","article-title":"Entomology of the filariasis control programme in Samoa, Aedes polynesiensis and Ae. samoanus","volume":"52","author":"Ichimori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Entomol Zool"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9120311","article-title":"Epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis antigen and microfilaria in Samoa, 2019: 7\u20139 months post triple-drug mass administration","volume":"9","author":"Mayfield","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0018","article-title":"Lymphatic filariasis antigen and microfilaria epidemiology in Samoa in 2019, six months post triple-drug mass drug administration","author":"Mayfield","year":"2024","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77519-8","article-title":"Supporting elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Samoa by predicting locations of residual infection using machine learning and geostatistics","volume":"10","author":"Mayfield","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1968.11686565","article-title":"The epidemiology of filarial transmission in Samoa and Tonga","volume":"62","author":"Ramalingam","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0021","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Validation of elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. 2017: Geneva. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241511957 [accessed 07\/04\/2025]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0022","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Lymphatic filariasis: fact sheet. 2024. Geneva. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/lymphatic-filariasis [accessed 07\/04\/2025]."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(96)90106-6","article-title":"Estimation of the fecund life span of Wuchereria bancrofti in an endemic area","volume":"90","author":"Vanamail","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1979.28.53","article-title":"Longevity of Wuchereria bancrofti var. Pacifica and mosquito infection acquired from a patient with low level parasitemia","volume":"28","author":"Carme","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107809","article-title":"Recurrence of microfilaraemia after triple-drug therapy for lymphatic filariasis in Samoa: recrudescence or reinfection?","volume":"152","author":"Mayfield","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab202","article-title":"Individual efficacy and community impact of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and Albendazole Mass Drug Administration for Lymphatic Filariasis Control in Fiji: a cluster randomized trial","volume":"73","author":"Hardy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971225001146?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971225001146?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T11:40:48Z","timestamp":1770205248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971225001146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S1201971225001146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Progression of lymphatic filariasis antigenaemia and microfilaraemia over 4.5 years in antigen-positive individuals, Samoa 2019-2023","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107891","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107891"}}