{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T15:42:43Z","timestamp":1793374963331,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/igo\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009647","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009647","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020404","name":"Rwanda Biomedical Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020404","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012395","name":"Royal Bank of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T18:21:06Z","timestamp":1743877266000},"page":"107902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Refining early detection of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) in Rwanda: Leveraging predictive symptom clusters to enhance case definitions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"156","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9238-4691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Nsekuye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Ntabana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugues Valois","family":"Mucunguzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziad","family":"El-Khatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Remera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndah","family":"Makayotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menelas","family":"Nkeshimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Turatsinze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Ntirenganya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Semakula","family":"Muhammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanase","family":"Rukundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Chirombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Muvunyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Mambo Muvunyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pacifique","family":"Nizeyimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvan","family":"Butera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabin","family":"Nsanzimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edson","family":"Rwagasore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0001","article-title":"Marburg virus disease outbreak amidst COVID-19 in the Republic of Guinea: a point of contention for the fragile health system?","volume":"13","author":"Okonji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0002","article-title":"Marburg virus disease amid COVID-19 in West Africa: an emerging and re-emerging zoonotic epidemic threat, future implications and way forward","volume":"10","author":"Eneh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.3390\/v6041759","article-title":"Filoviruses in bats: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"6","author":"Olival","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.17573.1","article-title":"Recent advances in Marburgvirus research","volume":"8","author":"Olejnik","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0005","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Marburg virus disease, https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/marburg-virus-disease#:\u223c:text=Marburg%20virus%20disease%20(MVD)%2C,and%20symptomatic%20treatment%20improves%20survival. 2023, (accessed 11 December 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0006","unstructured":"Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC). MARBURG virus information, https:\/\/rbc.gov.rw\/marburg\/ 2024, (accessed 11 December 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0007","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Marburg virus disease outbreak Rwanda 2024, https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/documents\/emergencies\/who-appeal-marburg-virus-disease-outbreak-rwanda-08102024.pdf?sfvrsn=a8ea5dfd_1&download=true 2024, (accessed 11 December 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0008","unstructured":"CDC. About Marburg, https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/marburg\/about\/index.html#:\u223c:text=Prevention&text=Avoid%20contact%20with%20blood%20and,is%20gone%20from%20their%20semen. 2024, (accessed 11 December 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2362869","article-title":"Machine learning in infectious diseases: potential applications and limitations","volume":"56","author":"Al Meslamani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3524","article-title":"Filovirus pathogenesis and immune evasion: insights from Ebola virus and Marburg virus","volume":"13","author":"Messaoudi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0011","article-title":"Viral hemorrhagic fever: molecular pathogenesis and current trends of disease management-an update","volume":"2","author":"Mariappan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Res Virol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-03108-x","article-title":"A mathematical model of Marburg virus disease outbreaks and the potential role of vaccination in control","volume":"21","author":"Qian","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1053\/j.spid.2005.05.001","article-title":"Outbreak of Marburg hemorrhagic fever in Angola: a review of the history of the disease and its biological aspects","volume":"16","author":"Ligon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0309762","article-title":"Epidemiological description of Marburg virus disease outbreak in Kagera region, Northwestern Tanzania","volume":"19","author":"Mmbaga","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2209.160354","article-title":"Ebola virus disease, democratic republic of the Congo, 2014","volume":"22","author":"Nanclares","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.07.042","article-title":"Marburg virus disease: a summary for clinicians","volume":"99","author":"Kortepeter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.06.003","article-title":"Machine-learning prognostic models from the 2014\u201316 Ebola outbreak: data-harmonization challenges, validation strategies, and mHealth applications","volume":"11","author":"Colubri","year":"2019","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971225001250?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971225001250?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T07:51:15Z","timestamp":1770709875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971225001250"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["S1201971225001250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Refining early detection of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) in Rwanda: Leveraging predictive symptom clusters to enhance case definitions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107902","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107902"}}