{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T02:37:02Z","timestamp":1793673422260,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004721","name":"University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3501-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3501-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Government of Japan Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23AA2003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AA2003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Government of Japan Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24AA2006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24AA2006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T22:38:45Z","timestamp":1753569525000},"page":"107997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Association between early initiation of anti-herpesvirus therapy and outcomes in herpesvirus encephalitis: A Nationwide Retrospective Propensity Score Analysis in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6929-8955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kutsuna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8544-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ohbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keito","family":"Shinmoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyohide","family":"Fushimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Yasunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0001","first-page":"580","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence of herpes simplex virus encephalitis and meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Rohani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Turk Arch Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0002","first-page":"839","article-title":"Epidemiology of virus-related nervous infections in Japan","volume":"55","author":"Ishii","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nihon Rinsho"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.04.002","article-title":"Herpes simplex encephalitis: adolescents and adults","volume":"71","author":"Whitley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198601163140303","article-title":"Vidarabine versus acyclovir therapy in herpes simplex encephalitis","volume":"314","author":"Whitley","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1130090","article-title":"Can we forecast poor outcome in herpes simplex and varicella zoster encephalitis? A narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Abbuehl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0006","first-page":"955","article-title":"Japanese guidelines for the management of herpes simplex encephalitis; comparison with those from the International Management Herpes Forum","volume":"46","author":"Shoji","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1086\/341405","article-title":"Outcome of and prognostic factors for herpes simplex encephalitis in adult patients: results of a multicenter study","volume":"35","author":"Raschilas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123330","article-title":"Mortality and prognosis in herpes simplex Virus-1 encephalitis long-term follow up study","volume":"468","author":"Katson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09453-3","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in Vietnam: a retrospective study","volume":"24","author":"Ngan","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1086\/589747","article-title":"The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"47","author":"Tunkel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.37737\/ace.24015","article-title":"Updated information on the diagnosis procedure combination data","volume":"6","author":"Yasunaga","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.37737\/ace.1.3_76","article-title":"Real world data in Japan: chapter II the diagnosis procedure combination database","volume":"1","author":"Yasunaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.je.2016.09.009","article-title":"Validity of diagnoses, procedures, and laboratory data in japanese administrative data","volume":"27","author":"Yamana","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002736","article-title":"The eye response test alone is sufficient to predict stroke outcome\u2014reintroduction of Japan Coma Scale: a cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Shigematsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0016","first-page":"61","article-title":"Functional evaluation: the Barthel index","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney","year":"1965","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq433","article-title":"Updating and validating the Charlson comorbidity index and score for risk adjustment in hospital discharge abstracts using data from 6 countries","volume":"173","author":"Quan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-6-201003160-00010","article-title":"Propensity score adjustment with multilevel data: setting your sites on decreasing selection bias","volume":"152","author":"Griswold","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn164","article-title":"Constructing inverse probability weights for marginal structural models","volume":"168","author":"Cole","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697","article-title":"Balance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samples","volume":"28","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2607","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value","volume":"167","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ369","article-title":"Herpes simplex encephalitis: lack of clinical benefit of long-term valacyclovir therapy","volume":"61","author":"Gnann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92623-0","article-title":"Acyclovir versus vidarabine in herpes simplex encephalitis. Randomised multicentre study in consecutive Swedish patients","volume":"2","author":"Sk\u00f6ldenberg","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02735.x","article-title":"Factors associated with delay to acyclovir administration in 184 patients with herpes simplex virus encephalitis","volume":"15","author":"Poissy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.03.010","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and outcome in 106 adult patients","volume":"60","author":"Sili","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100015390","article-title":"Delays in initiation of acyclovir therapy in herpes simplex encephalitis","volume":"39","author":"Hughes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-524","article-title":"Herpes simplex encephalitis in Iceland 1987\u20132011","volume":"3","author":"Dagsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3084","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05016-14","article-title":"Results of a multinational study suggest the need for rapid diagnosis and early antiviral treatment at the onset of herpetic meningoencephalitis","volume":"59","author":"Erdem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182752ceb","article-title":"Atypical manifestations and poor outcome of herpes simplex encephalitis in the immunocompromised","volume":"79","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology Atypi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0030","first-page":"529","article-title":"Management in adults based on Japanese guidelines for the clinical management of herpes simplex virus encephalitis 2017","volume":"35","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2024.02.013","article-title":"Acyclovir dosing in herpes encephalitis: a scoping review","volume":"64","author":"Aboelezz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01405-y","article-title":"Modelling viral encephalitis caused by herpes simplex virus 1 infection in cerebral organoids","volume":"8","author":"Rybak-Wolf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59042-4","article-title":"A microengineered 3D human neurovascular unit model to probe the neuropathogenesis of herpes simplex encephalitis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971225002218?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971225002218?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T21:31:21Z","timestamp":1761427881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971225002218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S1201971225002218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association between early initiation of anti-herpesvirus therapy and outcomes in herpesvirus encephalitis: A Nationwide Retrospective Propensity Score Analysis in Japan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107997","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107997"}}