{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T13:07:53Z","timestamp":1783084073055,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82472942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020M671396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M671396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012493","name":"Jiangsu Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020Z239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Z239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013058","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JSHD2022048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSHD2022048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018529","name":"Major Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JKA2021002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JKA2021002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018529","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T23:18:26Z","timestamp":1759792706000},"page":"108106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Population pharmacokinetics of nebulized polymyxin B in epithelial lining fluid of critically ill patients with invasive mechanical ventilation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Qun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip J","family":"Bergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2992-9783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenkui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0001","first-page":"43","article-title":"Polymyxin: a new chemotherapeutic agent","volume":"81","author":"Stansly","year":"1947","journal-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16373-0_3","article-title":"History, chemistry and antibacterial spectrum","volume":"1145","author":"Velkov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.05.024","article-title":"Short versus long course of colistin treatment for carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in critically ill patients: a propensity score matching study","volume":"16","author":"Katip","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1086\/429323","article-title":"Colistin: the revival of polymyxins for the management of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"40","author":"Falagas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0005","first-page":"3291","article-title":"New pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic studies of systemically administered colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in mouse thigh and lung infection models: smaller response in lung infection","volume":"70","author":"Cheah","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx409","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics of systemically administered polymyxin B against Klebsiella pneumoniae in mouse thigh and lung infection models","volume":"73","author":"Landersdorfer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1222044","article-title":"Use of polymyxin B with different administration methods in the critically ill patients with ventilation associated pneumonia: a single-center experience","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7331","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03510-14","article-title":"Comparison of intrapulmonary and systemic pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) and colistin after aerosol delivery and intravenous administration of CMS in critically ill patients","volume":"58","author":"Boisson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0009","article-title":"High-loading-dose colistin with nebulized administration for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Katip","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3950","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02819-14","article-title":"Biopharmaceutical characterization of nebulized antimicrobial agents in rats: 2. Colistin","volume":"58","author":"Gontijo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.07.050","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of high doses of inhaled dry powder drugs","volume":"549","author":"Kukut Hatipoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01934-16","article-title":"Substantial targeting advantage achieved by pulmonary administration of colistin methanesulfonate in a large-animal model","volume":"61","author":"Landersdorfer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0013","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0181-0","article-title":"Colistimethate sodium dry powder for inhalation: a review of its use in the treatment of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"74","author":"Conole","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.02.005","article-title":"Combinations of colistin solutions and nebulisers for lung infection management in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"502","author":"Buttini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.09.010","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics of colistin and polymyxin B: are we there yet?","volume":"48","author":"Tran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2165\/11594090-000000000-00000","article-title":"Penetration of anti-infective agents into pulmonary epithelial lining fluid: focus on antibacterial agents","volume":"50","author":"Rodvold","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00211-17","article-title":"Aerosolized polymyxin B for treatment of respiratory tract infections: determination of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic indices for aerosolized polymyxin B against pseudomonas aeruginosa in a mouse Lung Infection Model","volume":"61","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107293","article-title":"Outcome of intravenous and inhaled polymyxin B treatment in patients with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial pneumonia","volume":"64","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107427","article-title":"Aerosolized plus intravenous polymyxin B in comparison to intravenous polymyxin B alone for the management of HAP caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria: a prospective multicenter cohort study","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2014.01.015","article-title":"Nation RL. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for polymyxin B in bacterial growth media","volume":"92","author":"Cheah","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00197-23","article-title":"Individual components of polymyxin B modeled via population pharmacokinetics to design humanized dosage regimens for a bloodstream and lung infection model in immune-competent mice","volume":"67","author":"Jiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2023.115291","article-title":"Determination of polymyxin B in human plasma and epithelial lining fluid using LC-MS\/MS and its clinical application in therapeutic drug monitoring","volume":"227","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-011-9255-z","article-title":"Prediction-corrected visual predictive checks for diagnosing nonlinear mixed-effects models","volume":"13","author":"Bergstrand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aaps j"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0463","article-title":"Steady-state pharmacokinetics and BAL concentration of colistin in critically Ill patients after IV colistin methanesulfonate administration","volume":"138","author":"Imberti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16373-0_17","article-title":"Toxicity in patients","volume":"1145","author":"Pogue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.07.012","article-title":"Polymyxins for CNS infections: pharmacology and neurotoxicity","volume":"181","author":"Velkov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14010031","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and nephrotoxicity of the loading dose colistin for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in critically ill patients","volume":"14","author":"Katip","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00426-23","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of SPR206 in plasma, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid, and alveolar macrophages following intravenous administration to healthy adult subjects","volume":"67","author":"Rodvold","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0030","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of colistin methanesulfonate in healthy Chinese subjects after multi-dose regimen","volume":"11","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2022.106588","article-title":"Pulmonary and systemic pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) and formed colistin following nebulisation of CMS among patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"59","author":"Gkoufa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0032","article-title":"Intrapulmonary and systemic pharmacokinetics of colistin following nebulization of low-dose colistimethate sodium in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03667","article-title":"Radioaerosol pulmonary deposition using mesh and jet nebulizers during noninvasive ventilation in healthy subjects","volume":"60","author":"Galindo-Filho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.03.018","article-title":"Key considerations on nebulization of antimicrobial agents to mechanically ventilated patients","volume":"23","author":"Rello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00747-19","article-title":"A vibrating mesh nebulizer as an alternative to the collison three-jet nebulizer for infectious disease aerobiology","volume":"85","author":"Bowling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.05.016","article-title":"A mesh nebulizer is more effective than jet nebulizer to nebulize bronchodilators during non-invasive ventilation of subjects with COPD: a randomized controlled trial with radiolabeled aerosols","volume":"153","author":"Galindo-Filho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky044","article-title":"Influence of diluent volume of colistimethate sodium on aerosol characteristics and pharmacokinetics in ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by MDR bacteria","volume":"73","author":"Bihan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2020.08.001","article-title":"Long-term safety study of colistimethate sodium (Colobreathe\u00ae): findings from the UK Cystic Fibrosis Registry","volume":"20","author":"Kaplan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-022-01033-5","article-title":"Low-dose intravenous plus inhaled versus intravenous polymyxin B for the treatment of extensive drug-resistant Gram-negative ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critical illnesses: a multi-center matched case-control study","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072317","article-title":"Inhaled dry powder antibiotics in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: efficacy and safety in a real-life study","volume":"9","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00035-06","article-title":"Nation RL. Colistin methanesulfonate is an inactive prodrug of colistin against pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"50","author":"Bergen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5087","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01127-13","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulfonate in rats: achieving sustained lung concentrations of colistin for targeting respiratory infections","volume":"57","author":"Yapa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu213","article-title":"Colistin and polymyxin B: peas in a pod, or chalk and cheese?","volume":"59","author":"Nation","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr239","article-title":"Contemporary activity of colistin and polymyxin B against a worldwide collection of Gram-negative pathogens: results from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program (2006-09)","volume":"66","author":"Gales","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0045","series-title":"European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing. data from the eucast mic distribution","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pogue JM, Jones RN, Bradley JS, Andes DR, Bhavnani SM, Drusano GL, et al. Polymyxin susceptibility testing and interpretive breakpoints: recommendations from the United States committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (USCAST). 2020;64(2):10.1128\/aac.01495-19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01495-19.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01495-19"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08140718","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of antibiotics","volume":"14","author":"Eyler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-04828-z","article-title":"Understanding the nebulisation of antibiotics: the key role of lung microdialysis studies","volume":"28","author":"Dhanani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.07.002","article-title":"Scope and limitations on aerosol drug delivery for the treatment of infectious respiratory diseases","volume":"325","author":"Douafer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of controlled release: official journal of the Controlled Release Society"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971225003285?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971225003285?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T13:01:36Z","timestamp":1780664496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971225003285"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S1201971225003285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Population pharmacokinetics of nebulized polymyxin B in epithelial lining fluid of critically ill patients with invasive mechanical ventilation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108106","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108106"}}