{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:08:33Z","timestamp":1780668513257,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T23:04:17Z","timestamp":1761433457000},"page":"108151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Systematic serological testing in infective endocarditis: Limited clinical impact despite high usage\u2014a 14-year cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"161","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6624-4329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noelia","family":"Ruiz-Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4343-0118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4804-5641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Queipo Men\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4577-2149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Fari\u00f1as-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5509-349X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9671-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Cuadra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8303-3024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Cobo-Belaustegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8414-7144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-D\u00edez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9009-7552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Armi\u00f1anzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0611-6309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Arnaiz de las Revillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7805-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itxasne","family":"Cabez\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2885-1208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Sampedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4119-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Parra-Fari\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7121-3378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Runza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"de Benito-Poblaci\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9259-2730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Carmen","family":"Fari\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad271","article-title":"The 2023 Duke-International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Criteria for Infective Endocarditis: updating the modified Duke criteria","volume":"77","author":"Fowler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2021.1925342","article-title":"Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis: a worse outcome? Results from a large multicentre retrospective Spanish cohort study","volume":"53","author":"Suardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0003","article-title":"Blood culture-negative endocarditis","author":"Ebato","year":"2018","journal-title":"InTech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S393329","article-title":"Blood culture negative endocarditis: a review of laboratory diagnostic approaches","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12081027","article-title":"Updates in culture-negative endocarditis","volume":"12","author":"McHugh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5238","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.10.5238-5242.2005","article-title":"Contribution of systematic serological testing in diagnosis of infective endocarditis","volume":"43","author":"Raoult","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"335","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.11.008","article-title":"Task Force on Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology. Guidelines on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis","volume":"25","author":"Horstkotte","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp285","article-title":"Task force on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology. Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009)","volume":"30","author":"Habib","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319","article-title":"2015 ESC guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis","volume":"36","author":"Habib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0011","series-title":"The sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy","author":"Gilbert","year":"2025"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2910.221639","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium endocarditis in prosthetic aortic valve","volume":"29","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1410.080157","article-title":"Confirmed Mycoplasma pneumoniae endocarditis","volume":"14","author":"Scapini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac307","article-title":"Outcomes of culture-negative vs. culture-positive infective endocarditis: the ESC-EORP EURO-ENDO registry","volume":"43","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2012.04.004","article-title":"Reassessment of blood culture-negative endocarditis: its profile is similar to that of blood culture-positive endocarditis","volume":"65","author":"Ferrera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(25)18691-6","article-title":"Culture-negative endocarditis","volume":"57","author":"Van Scoy","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-021-01532-9","article-title":"Comparison of outcome between blood culture positive and negative infective endocarditis patients undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"16","author":"Meidrops","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.05.005","article-title":"Community-acquired culture-negative endocarditis: clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality","volume":"25","author":"Siciliano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1086\/653675","article-title":"Comprehensive diagnostic strategy for blood culture-negative endocarditis: a prospective study of 819 new cases","volume":"51","author":"Fournier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000165658.82869.17","article-title":"Blood culture-negative endocarditis in a reference center: etiologic diagnosis of 348 cases","volume":"84","author":"Houpikian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-021-04179-5","article-title":"Long-term serological follow-up after primary Coxiella burnetii infection in patients with vascular risk factors for chronic Q fever","volume":"40","author":"Buijs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-025-05223-4","article-title":"VirClia\u00ae chemiluminescent assays as a tool for detecting bartonella henselae and coxiella burnetii infections","author":"Tortosa-Carreres","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14060518","article-title":"From culture-negative to DNA-positive: the molecular revolution in infective endocarditis diagnosis","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11050561","article-title":"Bartonella endocarditis in Spain: case reports of 21 cases","volume":"11","author":"Garc\u00eda-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0025","first-page":"31","article-title":"The clinical utility of tissue polymerase chain reaction, tissue culture and tissue histology in blood culture-negative infective endocarditis in South Africa\u2014insights from the Groote Schuur Hospital Infective Endocarditis Registry","volume":"115","author":"Endres","year":"2025","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.106816","article-title":"Diagnostic stewardship in infectious diseases: a continuum of antimicrobial stewardship in the fight against antimicrobial resistance","volume":"62","author":"Zakhour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-018-0294-5","article-title":"Identification of pathogens in culture-negative infective endocarditis cases by metagenomic analysis","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-025-00455-1","article-title":"Unveiling the future of infective endocarditis diagnosis: the transformative role of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in culture-negative cases","volume":"15","author":"Shinge","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S120197122500373X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S120197122500373X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T13:05:33Z","timestamp":1780664733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S120197122500373X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S120197122500373X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Systematic serological testing in infective endocarditis: Limited clinical impact despite high usage\u2014a 14-year cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108151","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108151"}}