{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:36:10Z","timestamp":1789522570927,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Carlos III Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JR24\/00011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR24\/00011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Carlos III Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JR22\/00049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR22\/00049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Carlos III Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CM25\/00052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CM25\/00052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Carlos III Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CM24\/00136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CM24\/00136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Carlos III Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JR21\/00017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR21\/00017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:40:21Z","timestamp":1773909621000},"page":"108554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) programs for pediatric patients: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Ciudad-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Casillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2307-944X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Herrera-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Mej\u00edas-Trueba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Vilches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Neth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Mole\u00f3n-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flora","family":"L\u00f3pez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Victoria","family":"Gil-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Guisado-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy745","article-title":"2018 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guideline for the management of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy","volume":"68","author":"Norris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2018.03.012","article-title":"Executive summary of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: guidelines of the Spanish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and the Spanish Domiciliary Hospitalisation Society","volume":"37","author":"L\u00f3pez Cort\u00e9s","year":"2019","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dlaf075","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf075","article-title":"Current practices in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy programmes: an international multi-centre survey","volume":"7","author":"Wolie","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107263","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"64","author":"Mohammed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013560","article-title":"Clinical and cost-effectiveness, safety and acceptability of community intravenous antibiotic service models: CIVAS systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Mitchell","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2024.02.006","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators for the implementation and expansion of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a systematic review","volume":"147","author":"Mohammed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2021.213","article-title":"Experiences in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT): barriers and challenges from the front lines","volume":"1","author":"Ng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30345-6","article-title":"Inpatient versus outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy at home for acute infections in children: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Bryant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR-2016-002988","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of intravenous therapy at home for children and adolescents with acute and chronic illnesses: a systematic review protocol","volume":"14","author":"Hansson","year":"2016","journal-title":"JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dlz026","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlz026","article-title":"Updated good practice recommendations for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in adults and children in the UK","volume":"1","author":"Chapman","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-019-0669-6","article-title":"outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in children","volume":"21","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249514","article-title":"Paediatric Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT): an e-survey of the experiences of parents and clinicians","volume":"16","author":"Carter","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021603","article-title":"Delivery, setting and outcomes of paediatric outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT): a scoping review","volume":"8","author":"Carter","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05432-7","article-title":"The success rate and complications of midline catheters in pediatric outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT)","volume":"183","author":"Fl\u00e4ring","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001333","article-title":"PRISMA-Equity 2012 extension: reporting guidelines for systematic reviews with a focus on health equity","volume":"9","author":"Welch","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0016","unstructured":"International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. National Institute for health care and research. Available at: https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/ accessed April 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ciresp.2013.08.002","article-title":"GRADE system: classification of quality of evidence and strength of recommendation","volume":"92","author":"Aguayo-Albasini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cir Esp"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-199122000-00006","article-title":"Evaluation of a home intravenous antibiotic program in pediatric oncology","volume":"13","author":"Wiernikowski","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-8579(94)00060-8","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis and outpatient treatment with parenteral antibiotics in children","volume":"5","author":"van der Laag","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-911X(199802)30:2<95::AID-MPO5>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Home intravenous antibiotic treatment for febrile episodes in immune-compromised pediatric patients","volume":"30","author":"Shemesh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/088453360101600105","article-title":"Clinical observation: outpatient intravenous antibiotic therapy for catheter infections in patients on home parenteral nutrition","volume":"16","author":"Campo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200105000-00015","article-title":"Complications of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy in childhood","volume":"20","author":"Gomez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200207000-00017","article-title":"Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in osteoarticular infections in children","volume":"22","author":"Maraqa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e469","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0421","article-title":"Treatment of urinary tract infections among febrile young children with daily intravenous antibiotic therapy at a day treatment center","volume":"114","author":"Gauthier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2006.03.023","article-title":"Feasibility of short-term outpatient intravenous antibiotic therapy for the management of infectious conditions in pediatric patients","volume":"24","author":"Reid","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31817d32f2","article-title":"Experience using peripherally inserted central venous catheters for outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy in children at a community hospital","volume":"27","author":"Van Winkle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2583","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in 1- to 3-month-old infants: ambulatory treatment with intravenous antibiotics","volume":"124","author":"Dor\u00e9-Bergeron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e3181acd8cd","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial comparing oral amoxicillin-clavulanate and ofloxacin with intravenous ceftriaxone and amikacin as outpatient therapy in pediatric low-risk febrile neutropenia","volume":"31","author":"Gupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922810374210","article-title":"Complications associated with outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy in children","volume":"49","author":"Le","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pis137","article-title":"Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy practices among pediatric infectious diseases consultants: results of an emerging infections network survey","volume":"3","author":"Banerjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31827ee1c2","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy at an academic children's hospital","volume":"32","author":"Madigan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-10182013000400012","volume":"30","author":"Pe\u00f1a","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Chilena Infectol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0033","first-page":"110","article-title":"Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a report of three years experience","volume":"107","author":"Glackin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25012","article-title":"Outpatient versus inpatient IV antibiotic management for pediatric oncology patients with low risk febrile neutropenia: a randomised trial","volume":"61","author":"Orme","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anpedi.2013.05.009","article-title":"Tratamiento antimicrobiano parenteral domiciliario: an\u00e1lisis prospectivo de los \u00faltimos 12 a\u00f1os [Domiciliary parenteral antibiotic therapy: a prospective analysis of the last 12 years]","volume":"81","author":"Pel\u00e1ez-Cantero","year":"2014","journal-title":"An Pediatr (Barc)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309731","article-title":"The use, appropriateness and outcomes of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy","volume":"101","author":"Hodgson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0037","first-page":"65","article-title":"Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in pediatric medicaid enrollees","volume":"6","author":"Goldman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001605","article-title":"A comparison of hospital versus outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy at home for pyelonephritis and meningitis","volume":"36","author":"Hensey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001716","article-title":"Safety of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in children","volume":"37","author":"Fernandes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piy002","article-title":"Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in young infants","volume":"7","author":"Krah","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313071","article-title":"Dedicated paediatric outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy medical support: a pre-post observational study","volume":"103","author":"Mace","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e292","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002031","article-title":"The impact of pediatric outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy implementation at a tertiary children's hospital in the United Kingdom","volume":"37","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30729-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intravenous ceftriaxone at home versus intravenous flucloxacillin in hospital for children with cellulitis (CHOICE): a single-centre, open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial","volume":"19","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002070","article-title":"Selected children with complicated acute urinary tract infection may be treated with outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy at home directly from the emergency department","volume":"38","author":"Scanlan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00156","article-title":"First pediatric outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy clinic in Indonesia","volume":"8","author":"Hendarto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24670","article-title":"Is out-patient based treatment of bronchiectasis exacerbations in children comparable to inpatient based treatment?","volume":"55","author":"O'Rourke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9110761","article-title":"Safety of nurse- and self-administered paediatric outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy","volume":"9","author":"Sriskandarajah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0048","first-page":"1609","article-title":"Home-based care of low-risk febrile neutropenia in children-an implementation study in a tertiary paediatric hospital","volume":"29","author":"Haeusler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2022-324143","article-title":"Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: how young is too young?","volume":"107","author":"Hodgson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2021.10.011","article-title":"Impact of an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial treatment (OPAT) as part of a paediatric-specific PROA program","volume":"41","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Polo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2023.44.10.20230079","article-title":"Outcome and complications of outpatient parenteral therapy in pediatric emergency utilizing only peripheral vascular access: a retrospective descriptive study","volume":"44","author":"Haidar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2023-007265","article-title":"Hospital at home program for the treatment of pediatric osteoarticular infections","volume":"14","author":"Ag\u00fandez Reigosa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000003260","article-title":"Short-term outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy administration in the pediatric emergency department: feasibility, safety, and outcome","volume":"40","author":"Bin-Salleeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14455","article-title":"Evaluation of moderate periorbital cellulitis and home-based therapy in children (EPOCH study, Part 2): a prospective single centre cohort study","volume":"53","author":"McPherson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0055","article-title":"Exploring the advancements of Australian OPAT","volume":"10","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30043-X","article-title":"OPAT for avoidance of hospitalisation in children","volume":"19","author":"Krah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081124","article-title":"Successful integration of clinical pharmacists in an OPAT program: a real-life multidisciplinary circuit","volume":"11","author":"Ortonobes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2022.374","article-title":"Impact of a pharmacist-managed outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) service on cost savings and clinical outcomes at an academic medical center","volume":"3","author":"Epperson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e247","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001215","article-title":"Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy and judicious use of pediatric emergency resources","volume":"36","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2021-211928","article-title":"Five years of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone in the paediatric emergency department: what clinical features are associated with need for admission?","author":"Scally","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-022-01379-7","article-title":"Risk factors for readmission among patients receiving outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"44","author":"Douiyeb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0062","article-title":"An evaluation of risk factors for readmission in patients receiving outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy","volume":"10","author":"Bradley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dlaf075","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf075","article-title":"Current practices in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy programmes: an international multi-centre survey","volume":"7","author":"Wolie","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e203","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2024.405","article-title":"Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in pediatrics: the role of antimicrobial stewardship","volume":"13","author":"Trisno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0065","first-page":"dlaa011","article-title":"Improving paediatric antimicrobial stewardship in hospital-based settings: why","volume":"2","author":"Tanner","year":"2020","journal-title":"where and how? JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-318091","article-title":"Impact of expanding a paediatric OPAT programme with an antimicrobial stewardship intervention","volume":"105","author":"Huynh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0067","article-title":"Evaluating antibiotic medications delivered through elastomeric devices in a paediatric population: a systematic review","author":"Shipman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-317629","article-title":"Being 'at-home' on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT): a qualitative study of parents' experiences of paediatric OPAT","volume":"105","author":"Carter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554_bib0069","first-page":"468","article-title":"Implementing a toolkit to improve the education of patients on home-based outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT)","volume":"48","author":"Keller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S120197122600189X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S120197122600189X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T20:25:40Z","timestamp":1778099140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S120197122600189X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S120197122600189X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) programs for pediatric patients: A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.108554","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108554"}}