{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:45:41Z","timestamp":1791819941369,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32260883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260883"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32394014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32394014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004476","name":"Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-065189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-065189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004476","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025ZD01907900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZD01907900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T16:07:11Z","timestamp":1786637231000},"page":"109043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Disease burden and attributable risk factors of Tuberculosis among adults aged 60 years and older in China from 1990 to 2021 and its prediction to 2041"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peierdun","family":"Mijiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiao","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junsheng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2625-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuihua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0001","unstructured":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2025. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2025. Accessed: Nov. 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-programme-on-tuberculosis-and-lung-health\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10245888","article-title":"Tuberculosis in the elderly","volume":"10","author":"Caraux-Paz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0003","article-title":"Tuberculosis incidence, deaths and disability-adjusted life years in children and adolescence, 1990\u20132021: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20664-w","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of tuberculosis and attributable risk factors for 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases 2021 study","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0005","first-page":"367","article-title":"Analysis of registration records of elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 65 and above in China,2015-2021","volume":"45","author":"Teng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Antituberc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0006","unstructured":"National bureau of Statistics of China. The main data bulletin of 7th national population census in 2010 in China (Number one) 2021. https:\/\/www.gov.cn\/guoqing\/2021-05\/13\/content_5606149.htm (Accessed July 23, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05994-z","article-title":"Population aging and trends of pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in the elderly","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0008","first-page":"841","article-title":"Age-specific pulmonary tuberculosis notification rates\u2014China, 2008-2018","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-024-01203-6","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis incidence and its macro-influence factors in Chinese mainland during 2014\u20132021","volume":"13","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200404-512OC","article-title":"Smoking and tuberculosis among the elderly in Hong Kong","volume":"170","author":"Leung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4901","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26977","article-title":"Mortality predictors among patients with HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis in Northeast China: a retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"93","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05417-2","article-title":"Gradient association between pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus among households with a tuberculosis case: a contact tracing-based study","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70015-X","article-title":"Tuberculosis comorbidity with communicable and non-communicable diseases: integrating health services and control efforts","volume":"13","author":"Marais","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4974","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31430-0","article-title":"Analysis of spatial-temporal dynamic distribution and related factors of tuberculosis in China from 2008 to 2018","volume":"13","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62639-2","article-title":"Tuberculosis prevalence in China, 1990-2010; a longitudinal analysis of national survey data","volume":"383","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-393","article-title":"Patient medical costs for tuberculosis treatment and impact on adherence in China: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0017","article-title":"Drug resistance and comorbidities in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Osipov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.15212\/ZOONOSES-2024-0061","article-title":"Decoding the WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2024: a critical analysis of global and Chinese key data","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zoonoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.3.247","article-title":"Lifetime risks, incubation period, and serial interval of tuberculosis","volume":"152","author":"Vynnycky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1332211","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of active tuberculosis among older individuals with latent tuberculosis infection: a cohort study in two high-epidemic sites in eastern China","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-019-0614-9","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of tuberculosis among the elderly population in China: a prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268897007917","article-title":"The natural history of tuberculosis: the implications of age-dependent risks of disease and the role of reinfection","volume":"119","author":"Vynnycky","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-019-00471-4","article-title":"History of the HIV epidemic in China","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1245553","article-title":"Prevalence and association of HIV and tuberculosis status in older adults in South Africa: an urgent need to escalate the scientific and political attention to aging and health","volume":"12","author":"Akokuwebe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1205","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00251-6","article-title":"Impact and cost-effectiveness of short-course tuberculosis preventive treatment for household contacts and people with HIV in 29 high-incidence countries: a modelling analysis","volume":"11","author":"Ryckman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031912-114431","article-title":"Prospects for tuberculosis elimination","volume":"34","author":"Dye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002152","article-title":"The global burden of latent tuberculosis infection: a re-estimation using mathematical modelling","volume":"13","author":"Houben","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0028","article-title":"The global TB portfolio model: a tool for projecting the epidemiological impact of TB policy options","volume":"2025","author":"Mandal","year":"2025","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11830-5","article-title":"Global burden of HIV and drug-resistant tuberculosis co-infection and its attributable risk factors, 1990 to 2021, with projections to 2031","volume":"25","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30057-2","article-title":"The global tuberculosis epidemic and progress in care, prevention, and research: an overview in year 3 of the End TB era","volume":"6","author":"Floyd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971226006788?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971226006788?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:47:42Z","timestamp":1791816462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971226006788"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S1201971226006788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Disease burden and attributable risk factors of Tuberculosis among adults aged 60 years and older in China from 1990 to 2021 and its prediction to 2041","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109043","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109043"}}