{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:45:08Z","timestamp":1791819908515,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:18:06Z","timestamp":1787066286000},"page":"109059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A high-resolution nested PCR assay for genotyping Orientia tsutsugamushi based on a defined 700 bp segment of the TSA56 gene"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Xianyao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaowen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueshan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006062","article-title":"A review of the global epidemiology of scrub typhus","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.02.009","article-title":"Clinical profile and improving mortality trend of scrub typhus in South India","volume":"23","author":"Varghese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.806","article-title":"Distribution of eschars on the body of scrub typhus patients: a prospective study","volume":"76","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010952","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of scrub typhus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical features and case fatality","volume":"16","author":"Alam","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2905.221430","article-title":"Environmental, occupational, and demographic risk factors for clinical scrub typhus, Bhutan","volume":"29","author":"Zangpo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4404","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01526-10","article-title":"Isolation of a novel Orientia species (O. chuto sp. nov.) from a patient infected in Dubai","volume":"48","author":"Izzard","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603657","article-title":"Endemic scrub typhus in South America","volume":"375","author":"Weitzel","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S203","DOI":"10.1086\/596576","article-title":"Scrub typhus: the geographic distribution of phenotypic and genotypic variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi","volume":"48","author":"Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0608","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of 56-kDa type-specific antigen gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi isolates in Taiwan","volume":"83","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.05.017","article-title":"Scrub typhus in South India: clinical and laboratory manifestations, genetic variability, and outcome","volume":"17","author":"Varghese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0011","first-page":"75","article-title":"Molecular characterization of three major outer membrane proteins, TSA56, TSA47 and TSA22, in Orientia tsutsugamushi","volume":"30","author":"Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00383","article-title":"Representative genotyping, recombination and evolutionary dynamics analysis of TSA56 gene segment of Orientia tsutsugamushi","volume":"10","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-023-03492-1","article-title":"Phylogenetic and immunological investigations of complete TSA56 ORF of Orientia tsutsugamushi present in acute encephalitis syndrome cases from eastern Uttar Pradesh, India","volume":"205","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93541-w","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of 16S ribosomal RNA real-time PCR for the diagnosis of scrub typhus","volume":"11","author":"Yun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1155","article-title":"Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi based on the groES and groEL genes","volume":"13","author":"Arai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005408","article-title":"Diversification of Orientia tsutsugamushi genotypes by intragenic recombination and their potential expansion in endemic areas","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13040299","article-title":"Concatenated ScaA and TSA56 surface antigen sequences reflect genome-scale phylogeny of Orientia tsutsugamushi: an analysis including two genomes from Taiwan","volume":"13","author":"Minahan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01216-09","article-title":"Comparison of conventional, nested, and real-time quantitative PCR for diagnosis of scrub typhus","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136","article-title":"Estimating the dimension of a model","volume":"6","author":"Schwarz","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281","article-title":"UFBoot2: improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation","volume":"35","author":"Hoang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq706","article-title":"phangorn: phylogenetic analysis in R","volume":"27","author":"Schliep","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(81)90043-2","article-title":"Comparison of phylogenetic trees","volume":"53","author":"Robinson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Math Biosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","article-title":"MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11","volume":"38","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.542","article-title":"Usefulness of nested PCR for the diagnosis of scrub typhus in clinical practice: a prospective study","volume":"75","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.6.1637-1640.1993","article-title":"Serotype-specific amplification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction","volume":"31","author":"Furuya","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.54.647","article-title":"Genotypic identification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of DNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"54","author":"Horinouchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1210.051697","article-title":"Scrub typhus in Himalayas","volume":"12","author":"Mahajan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00355-11","article-title":"Genotype diversity and distribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi causing scrub typhus in Thailand","volume":"49","author":"Ruang-Areerate","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971226006946?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971226006946?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:47:27Z","timestamp":1791816447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971226006946"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S1201971226006946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A high-resolution nested PCR assay for genotyping Orientia tsutsugamushi based on a defined 700 bp segment of the TSA56 gene","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109059","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109059"}}