{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:41:13Z","timestamp":1792683673569,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010648","name":"University Hospitals Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012324","name":"University Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KOOR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KOOR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031951","name":"Sciensano","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013274","name":"Institut National d'assurance Maladie-Invalidit\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032850","name":"EU4Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101102733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101102733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:18:02Z","timestamp":1788362282000},"page":"109091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Rethinking pneumococcal surveillance through indoor air sampling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1129-0440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bieke","family":"Tack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caspar","family":"Geenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Nieuwenhuijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lize","family":"Cuypers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Beuselinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Trzci\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Desmet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30247-X","article-title":"Burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in children in the era of conjugate vaccines: global, regional, and national estimates for 2000\u201315","volume":"6","author":"Wahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00232-8","article-title":"Re-evaluating the impact and cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in 112 low-income and middle-income countries in children younger than 5 years: a modelling study","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00740-0","article-title":"Future immunisation strategies to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in children and adults","volume":"25","author":"Ramos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0004","article-title":"Determinants of pneumococcal carriage by age in Africa (2000\u20132021): a systematic analysis","volume":"12","author":"Kwesi-Maliepaard","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1402795","article-title":"Serotype distribution of invasive pneumococcal disease from countries of the WHO Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia, and Western Pacific regions: a systematic literature review from 2010 to 2021","volume":"12","author":"Fletcher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36986-z","article-title":"Indoor air surveillance and factors associated with respiratory pathogen detection in community settings in Belgium","volume":"14","author":"Raymenants","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105512","article-title":"Interpretation of indoor air surveillance for respiratory infections: a prospective longitudinal observational study in a childcare setting","volume":"112","author":"Geenen","year":"2025","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1156695","article-title":"A spitting image: molecular diagnostics applied to saliva enhance detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and pneumococcal serotype carriage","volume":"14","author":"Miellet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0009","article-title":"From suppression to recovery: post-pandemic trends in pneumococcal carriage and serotype distribution in Belgian daycare","author":"Van den Bosch","year":"2026","journal-title":"ISPPD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piac117","article-title":"Serotype 19A and 6C account for one-third of pneumococcal carriage among Belgian day-care children four years after a shift to a lower-valent PCV","volume":"12","author":"Ekinci","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0011","series-title":"Report national reference centre invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae 2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.11.044","article-title":"In-depth analysis of pneumococcal serotypes in Belgian children (2015\u20132018): diversity, invasive disease potential, and antimicrobial susceptibility in carriage and disease","volume":"39","author":"Desmet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2026.128294","article-title":"Pneumococcal carriage and serotype distribution in Portuguese children six months after the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions: rise in serotype 3 amid stable non-vaccine serotypes","volume":"76","author":"Almeida","year":"2026","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00082-25","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal: dominance of serotypes included in broader PCVs and of serotype 3","volume":"10","author":"Almeida","year":"2025","journal-title":"MSphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0015","article-title":"Ageing in Africa","volume":"6","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.38.2400711","article-title":"Shotgun metagenomics on indoor air for surveillance of respiratory, enteric, and skin viruses in a Belgian daycare setting, January to December 2022","volume":"30","author":"Karatas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf234","article-title":"Air pollution and global pediatric pneumococcal disease","volume":"12","author":"Bastug","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971226007265?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971226007265?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:53:26Z","timestamp":1792680806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971226007265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["S1201971226007265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rethinking pneumococcal surveillance through indoor air sampling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109091","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109091"}}