{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:41:01Z","timestamp":1792683661657,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003762","name":"Institut Pasteur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011061","name":"French Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CZZ2259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZZ2259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:58:51Z","timestamp":1790006331000},"page":"109128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A multiplex serological survey highlights differences in population immunity to mosquito-borne diseases in Vanuatu, Pacific region, 2023"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0707-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl","family":"Huet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Donald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleesha","family":"Kalulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Vigier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Hoinard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann fleur","family":"Griffon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecile","family":"Depuille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa B.","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George junior","family":"Pakoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Guyant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Inizan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Vanhomwegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6991-4893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myrielle","family":"Dupont-Rouzeyrol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_sbref0001","series-title":"Global vector control response 2017\u20132030","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_sbref0002","series-title":"World malaria report","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70021-X","article-title":"Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Desai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S405668","article-title":"Malaria: an overview","volume":"16","author":"Fikadu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000001152","article-title":"Arboviruses and their vectors","volume":"113","author":"Madewell","year":"2020","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010626","article-title":"Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) seroprevalence in the South Pacific populations of the Cook Islands and Vanuatu with associated environmental and social factors","volume":"16","author":"Saretzki","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0007","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. Health at a glance: Asia\/Pacific 2020: measuring progress towards universal health coverage. [accessed 9 October 2024] https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/health-at-a-glance-asia-pacific-2020_26b007cd-en.html; 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61977-2","article-title":"Emerging arboviruses in the Pacific","volume":"384","author":"Cao-Lormeau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11010074","article-title":"Arboviral disease outbreaks in the Pacific islands countries and areas, 2014 to 2020: a systematic literature and document review","volume":"11","author":"Matthews","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.2174\/1874357901812010080","article-title":"Zoonotic viral diseases of equines and their impact on human and animal health","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Virol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0012","unstructured":"Pacific Community. Vanuatu 2020 national population and housing census: analytical report - volume 2. [accessed 29 september 2025] https:\/\/www.spc.int\/digitallibrary\/get\/t5qtt; 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0013","unstructured":"MalariaWorld. UNDP report: annual report 2023 -a malaria free Vanuatu. [accessed 27 August 2025] https:\/\/media.malariaworld.org\/undp_pacific_annual_report_2023_vanuatu_malaria_programme_1_0753880734.pdf; 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.41.20929","article-title":"Concurrent outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus infections \u2013 an unprecedented epidemic wave of mosquito-borne viruses in the Pacific 2012\u20132014","volume":"19","author":"Roth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2024.12.006","article-title":"Strengthening serological studies: the need for greater geographical diversity, biobanking, and data-accessibility","volume":"33","author":"Menezes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2403.171149","article-title":"Seroprevalence of dengue and Chikungunya virus antibodies, French Polynesia, 2014\u20132015","volume":"24","author":"Aubry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eads8680","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads8680","article-title":"Epidemiological and antigenic inferences from serological cross-reactivity among arboviruses","volume":"17","author":"O\u2019Driscoll","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2508.180524","article-title":"Sustained low-level transmission of Zika and chikungunya viruses after emergence in the Fiji Islands","volume":"25","author":"Kama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167136","article-title":"The utility of malaria rapid diagnostic tests as a tool in enhanced surveillance for malaria elimination in Vanuatu","volume":"11","author":"Donald","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009848","article-title":"Seroprevalence of dengue, Zika, chikungunya and Ross River viruses across the Solomon Islands","volume":"16","author":"Russell","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.3390\/v16050807","article-title":"Dengue virus and Zika virus seroprevalence in the South Pacific populations of the Cook Islands and Vanuatu","volume":"16","author":"Saretzki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2017.102","article-title":"Zika virus evolution on the edges of the Pacific Ocean","volume":"6","author":"Dupont-Rouzeyrol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.48460","article-title":"Zika seroprevalence declines and neutralizing antibodies wane in adults following outbreaks in French Polynesia and Fiji","volume":"9","author":"Henderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.01.041","article-title":"New evidence for endemic circulation of Ross River virus in the Pacific Islands and the potential for emergence","volume":"57","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.06.005","article-title":"Silent circulation of Ross River virus in French Polynesia","volume":"37","author":"Aubry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(81)90112-7","article-title":"Ross River virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) infection (epidemic polyarthritis) in American Samoa","volume":"75","author":"Tesh","year":"1981","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg American Samoa, Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020394","article-title":"Prevalence of Barmah Forest virus, Chikungunya virus and Ross River virus antibodies among Papua New Guinea military personnel before 2019","volume":"15","author":"Kizu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.02.048","article-title":"First evidence of concurrent enzootic and endemic transmission of Ross River virus in the absence of marsupial reservoirs in Fiji","volume":"96","author":"Togami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.47.091201.145100","article-title":"Ross River virus: Ecology and distribution","volume":"47","author":"Russell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1981.30.1294","article-title":"Epidemic polyarthritis (Ross River) virus infection in the Cook Islands","volume":"30","author":"Rosen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fitd.2023.1035273","article-title":"Arboviral disease outbreaks, Aedes mosquitoes, and vector control efforts in the Pacific","volume":"4","author":"Seok","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-169","article-title":"Using serological measures to monitor changes in malaria transmission in Vanuatu","volume":"9","author":"Cook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2139-z","article-title":"Serological measures to assess the efficacy of malaria control programme on Ambae Island, Vanuatu","volume":"10","author":"Idris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03243-3","article-title":"Measuring antibody avidity to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens using a multiplex immunoassay approach","volume":"19","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia L, Yman V, Gasasira M-F, Donnadieu F, Cappuccio L, Hoinard D, et al. A multiplex serological assay for quantification of arbovirus antibody kinetics and neutralizing antibodies. medRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.10.31.25339243.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.10.31.25339243"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011651","article-title":"The increasing complexity of arbovirus serology: an in-depth systematic review on cross-reactivity","volume":"17","author":"Kasbergen","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-017-0010-0","article-title":"Broad and long-lasting immune protection against various chikungunya genotypes demonstrated by participants in a cross-sectional study in a Cambodian rural community","volume":"7","author":"Auerswald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1255-3","article-title":"Antibody responses to merozoite antigens after natural Plasmodium falciparum infection: kinetics and longevity in absence of re-exposure","volume":"17","author":"Yman","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971226007630?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971226007630?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:52:07Z","timestamp":1792680727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971226007630"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1201971226007630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A multiplex serological survey highlights differences in population immunity to mosquito-borne diseases in Vanuatu, Pacific region, 2023","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109128","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109128"}}