{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:40:52Z","timestamp":1792683652429,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82473695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82473695"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:13:12Z","timestamp":1790035992000},"page":"109135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["PCR-enabled confirmatory reporting and the rise in reported pertussis among children aged \u22645 years in China: a four-province staggered difference-in-differences study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingshuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance","family":"Rodewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijie","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zundong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2018.05.003","article-title":"Pertussis: the whooping cough","volume":"45","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.106289","article-title":"Global resurgence of pertussis: a perspective from China","volume":"89","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"r2169","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.r2169","article-title":"Global resurgence of pertussis in infants","volume":"391","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135_bib0005","article-title":"Waning immunity, prevailing non-vaccine type ptxP3 and macrolide-resistant strains in the 2024 pertussis outbreak in China: a multicentre cross-sectional descriptive study","volume":"60","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135_bib0006","first-page":"610","article-title":"Application of bacterial culture and nucleic acid detection in the diagnosis of pertussis in children","volume":"45","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jian Yan Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01806-22","article-title":"Evaluation of BioFire Respiratory Panel 2 plus for detection of Bordetella pertussis in nasopharyngeal swab specimens from children with clinically suspected pertussis","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107910","article-title":"Urban pertussis epidemiological patterns in a highly vaccinated megacity: policy impacts and control strategies in Chongqing, China, 2005\u20132024","volume":"156","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881400260X","article-title":"Epidemiological features of pertussis resurgence based on community populations with high vaccination coverage in China","volume":"143","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae207","article-title":"Assessing the impact of the 2020 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists case definition for pertussis on reported pertussis cases","volume":"78","author":"Rubis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-021-04336-w","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 967 children with pertussis: a single-center analysis over an 8-year period in Beijing, China","volume":"41","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135_bib0014","first-page":"1258","article-title":"[Guidelines for diagnosis and management and prevention of pertussis of China (2024 edition)]","volume":"104","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2021.03.014","article-title":"Difference-in-differences with variation in treatment timing","volume":"225","author":"Goodman-Bacon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Econom"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2020.12.001","article-title":"Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods","volume":"225","author":"Callaway","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Econom"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2020.06.003","article-title":"Doubly robust difference-in-differences estimators","volume":"219","author":"Sant\u2019Anna","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Econom"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971226007708?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971226007708?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:52:48Z","timestamp":1792680768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971226007708"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["S1201971226007708"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"PCR-enabled confirmatory reporting and the rise in reported pertussis among children aged \u22645 years in China: a four-province staggered difference-in-differences study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109135","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109135"}}