{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T12:38:41Z","timestamp":1793709521039,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:23:30Z","timestamp":1790576610000},"page":"109146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Finetuning antibiograms: a 25-year experience"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Shmuel","family":"Benenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oshrat","family":"Ayalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc V.","family":"Assous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rona","family":"Lujan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9728-4799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amos M.","family":"Yinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonit","family":"Wiener-Well","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_sbref0001","series-title":"Antibiotic use","article-title":"Core elements of hospital antibiotic stewardship programs","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw118","article-title":"Implementing an antibiotic stewardship program: guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","volume":"62","author":"Barlam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01366-21","article-title":"The path of more resistance: a comparison of National Healthcare Safety Network and Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute criteria in developing cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility test reports and institutional antibiograms","volume":"60","author":"Viloria Winnett","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz082","article-title":"The importance of cumulative antibiograms in diagnostic stewardship","volume":"69","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.01.004","article-title":"Effects of empiric antibiotic treatment based on hospital cumulative antibiograms in patients with bacteraemic sepsis: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.06.035","article-title":"The TREAT project: decision support and prediction using causal probabilistic networks","volume":"30","author":"Leibovici","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad467","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of hospital antibiograms in predicting the risk of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolates: a nationwide multicenter evaluation at the Veterans Health Administration","volume":"77","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2018.07.003","article-title":"A decision support system for antibiotic prescription based on local cumulative antibiograms","volume":"84","author":"Morales","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354921995778","article-title":"Creation of State antibiogram and subsequent launch of public health-coordinated antibiotic stewardship in New Hampshire: small State, big collaboration","volume":"137","author":"Leeman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.07.016","article-title":"Antibiograms cannot be used interchangeably between acute care medical centers and affiliated nursing homes","volume":"21","author":"Hughes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190017735425","article-title":"Development of a statewide antibiogram to assess regional trends in antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE organisms","volume":"32","author":"Guarascio","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(03)00286-X","article-title":"Trends in bacteremias: analysis of 7544 patient-specific bacteremic episodes spanning 11 years (1990-2000)","volume":"55","author":"Raveh","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2005.07.007","article-title":"Prospective hospital-wide studies of 505 patients with nosocomial bacteraemia in 1997 and 2002","volume":"62","author":"Jerassy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2017.1251840","article-title":"Patient specific risk stratification for antimicrobial resistance and possible treatment strategies in gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"15","author":"Bassetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-025-00787-7","article-title":"An analysis of the value-added of antibiogram subgroup stratification","volume":"24","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0016","series-title":"Recommendations for use of antimicrobial agents in common clinical conditions","author":"Yinnon","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2008.04.001","article-title":"Who needs a blood culture? A prospectively derived and validated prediction rule","volume":"35","author":"Shapiro","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00530-25","article-title":"Multicenter evaluation of blood culture contamination and blood cultures practices in US acute care hospitals: time for standardization","volume":"63","author":"Fabre","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-025-00744-x","article-title":"Improving blood Culture procurement: a prospective 5-year hospital-wide study","volume":"14","author":"Benenson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Isr J Health Pol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir025","article-title":"Containment of a country-wide outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Israeli hospitals via a nationally implemented intervention","volume":"52","author":"Schwaber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcl050","article-title":"Two-phase drug utilization evaluation of Cefepime, Piperacillin-tazobactam and Meropenem","volume":"99","author":"Raveh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Quart J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.6.2629-2634.2005","article-title":"Nationwide antibiogram analysis using NCCLS M39-A guidelines","volume":"43","author":"Zapantis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac268","volume":"75","author":"Tamma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.11.003","article-title":"Current antibiotic options for the treatment of infections with AmpC-producing enterobacterales","volume":"40","author":"Ngiam","year":"2026","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae328","article-title":"Piperacillin\/tazobactam Susceptibility test interpretive criteria for enterobacterales: recommendations from the United States Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","volume":"79","author":"Lodise","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9019","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53391-2","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of re-emerging chloramphenicol susceptibility in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacterales","volume":"15","author":"Graf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6809e1","article-title":"Vital signs: epidemiology and recent trends in methicillin-resistant and in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: United States","volume":"68","author":"Kourtis","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.46.2002094","article-title":"EARS-Net study group participants. Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: diverging trends of meticillin-resistant and meticillin-susceptible isolates, EU\/EEA, 2005 to 2018","volume":"26","author":"Gagliotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0029","unstructured":"Antimicrobial usage in medical centers in Israel. Infection control and prevention unit report for 2024. 2025. Israel Ministry of Health (Hebrew)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146_bib0030","first-page":"378","article-title":"Prospective audit of empirical antibiotic therapy for septic patients","volume":"22","author":"Wiener-Well","year":"2020","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971226007812?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971226007812?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T12:19:03Z","timestamp":1793708343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971226007812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S1201971226007812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Finetuning antibiograms: a 25-year experience","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109146","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109146"}}