{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T12:39:14Z","timestamp":1793709554417,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008551","name":"Fondation M\u00e9rieux","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijidonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:48:39Z","timestamp":1790869719000},"page":"109155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Whole-genome sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lebanon: updated genomic insights"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"173","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0957-6323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne","family":"Antar Soutou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiam","family":"Yaacoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeina","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurice","family":"Tabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirine","family":"Abou Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Chaaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Allam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Lecarpentier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"La","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Godron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukaina","family":"Basma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Raskine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Abifadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josette","family":"Najjar-Pellet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Cambau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Sola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0001","series-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2025","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0002","unstructured":"National Tuberculosis and Aids Program. National Tuberculosis and Aids Program Annual Report 2024. n.d."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2021.244","article-title":"Challenges of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Lebanon in the midst of the economic collapse","volume":"2","author":"Zahreddine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31908-5","article-title":"Lebanon\u2019s humanitarian crisis escalates after the Beirut blast","volume":"396","author":"Abouzeid","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s515","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.s515","article-title":"War in Lebanon: the hidden health crisis beyond the frontlines","volume":"392","author":"Boulle","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fuaf017","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaf017","article-title":"Molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a review of current methods, databases, softwares, and analytical tools","volume":"49","author":"Couvin","year":"2025","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3003.231466","article-title":"Newly Identified Mycobacterium africanum lineage 10, Central Africa","volume":"30","author":"Guyeux","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18S","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.10094","article-title":"Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lebanon using a novel rapid spoligotyping multiplex luminex method","volume":"12","author":"Massoud","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.26719\/2013.19.2.119","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotypes circulating in the Lebanese population: a retrospective study","volume":"19","author":"Bedrossian","year":"2013","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3626-3","article-title":"First insights on the genetic diversity of MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lebanon","volume":"18","author":"Panossian","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-026-12609-y","article-title":"Snapshot based on whole-genome sequencing revealing the species and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex recovered at a major tertiary care center in Lebanon","author":"Jouaid","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0012","series-title":"Catalogue of mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and their association with drug resistance","first-page":"2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Senelle G, Guyeux C, Refr\u00e9gier G, Sola C. TB-annotator: a scalable web application that allows in-depth analysis of very large sets of publicly available Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genomes. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.06.12.526393.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.06.12.526393"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0014","first-page":"683","article-title":"Evolution, phylogenetics, and phylogeography of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex","author":"Sola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genet Evol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033","article-title":"RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies","volume":"30","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl529","article-title":"Interactive Tree of Life (iTOL): an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation","volume":"23","author":"Letunic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70277-3","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing to delineate Mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreaks: a retrospective observational study","volume":"13","author":"Walker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00361-2021","article-title":"New definitions of pre-extensively and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: update from the World Health Organization","volume":"57","author":"Viney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26248-1","article-title":"Population structure, biogeography and transmissibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"12","author":"Freschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70108-1","article-title":"Global phylogeography of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and implications for tuberculosis product development","volume":"7","author":"Gagneux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052841","article-title":"Significance of the identification in the Horn of Africa of an exceptionally deep branching Mycobacterium tuberculosis clade","volume":"7","author":"Blouin","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4812","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5812","article-title":"A robust SNP barcode for typing Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains","volume":"5","author":"Coll","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.10.009","article-title":"Turkish and Japanese Mycobacterium tuberculosis sublineages share a remote common ancestor","volume":"45","author":"Refr\u00e9gier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285417","article-title":"Large genomic deletions delineate Mycobacterium tuberculosis L4 sublineages in South American countries","volume":"18","author":"Baena","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0025","article-title":"Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations associated with isoniazid and rifampicin resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Rostamian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Tuberc Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120470","article-title":"Frequency and geographic distribution of gyrA and gyrB mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Avalos","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00639-2023","article-title":"Baseline and treatment-emergent bedaquiline resistance in drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Perumal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0028","first-page":"e00321","article-title":"Open-access genomic drug resistance prediction tools for Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Dewaele","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2021.0048","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of pyrazinamide susceptibility testing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Bagheri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000955","article-title":"Distribution and origins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis L4 in Southeast Asia","volume":"9","author":"Ashton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb Genomics"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971226007903?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1201971226007903?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T12:22:08Z","timestamp":1793708528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1201971226007903"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S1201971226007903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155","relation":{},"ISSN":["1201-9712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1201-9712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Whole-genome sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lebanon: updated genomic insights","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2026.109155","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109155"}}