{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T23:22:59Z","timestamp":1792365779389,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Law and Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,5]],"date-time":"2009-12-05T09:11:24Z","timestamp":1260004284000},"page":"27-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Seasonal variation of seclusion incidents from violent and suicidal acts in forensic psychiatric patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Paula","family":"Paavola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"Tiihonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(95)00001-5","article-title":"Toward a unified theory of serotonin dysregulation in eating and related disorders","volume":"20","author":"Brewerton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(88)90016-9","article-title":"Analysis of seasonal fluctuations of CSF monoamine metabolites and neuropeptides in normal controls: Findings with 5HIAA and HVA","volume":"23","author":"Brewerton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.712","article-title":"Seasonal variations in [3H]citalopram platelet binding between healthy controls and violent offenders in Finland","volume":"20","author":"Callaway","year":"2005","journal-title":"Human Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2003.12.002","article-title":"In humans, the seasonal variation in poly-unsaturated fatty acids is related to the seasonal variation in violent suicide and serotonergic markers of violent suicide","volume":"71","author":"De Vriese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(03)00039-1","article-title":"Climatic and diurnal variation in suicide attempts in the ED","volume":"21","author":"Doganay","year":"2003","journal-title":"The American Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib6","first-page":"3065","article-title":"Seasonal variation in lipoprotein lipase and plasma lipids in physically active, normal weight humans","volume":"85","author":"Donahoo","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(03)00253-1","article-title":"Do monthly or seasonal variations exist in suicides in a high-risk setting?","volume":"121","author":"Fruehwald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-6-199803150-00009","article-title":"Cholesterol and violence: Is there a connection?","volume":"128","author":"Golomb","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10048.x","article-title":"Seasonal variation in suicide occurrence in Finland","volume":"98","author":"Hakko","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb52355.x","article-title":"Assessing the observed relationship between low cholesterol and violence-related mortality. Implications for suicide risk","volume":"836","author":"Kaplan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib11","first-page":"386","article-title":"Seasonal variation of the amino acid, l-tryptophan, in interior Alaska","volume":"57","author":"Levine","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal of Circumpolar Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01612.x","article-title":"Synchronized annual rhythms in violent suicide rate, ambient temperature and the light\u2013dark span","volume":"90","author":"Maes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950230051008","article-title":"Seasonal variation in plasma l-tryptophan availability in healthy volunteers. Relationships to violent suicide occurrence","volume":"52","author":"Maes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(92)90106-A","article-title":"Platelet and whole blood serotonin content in depressed inpatients: Correlations with acute and lifetime psychopathology","volume":"32","author":"Mann","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700011156","article-title":"Seasonal variation in suicide: is there a sex difference?","volume":"19","author":"Micciolo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib16","first-page":"263","article-title":"Annual rhythms in human violence and sexual aggression in the United States and the role of temperature","volume":"30","author":"Michael","year":"1983","journal-title":"Social Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.5.637","article-title":"An annual rhythm in the battering of women","volume":"143","author":"Michael","year":"1986","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.10.1674","article-title":"Seasonal variation of violence in Norway","volume":"157","author":"Morken","year":"2000","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6747.309","article-title":"Lowering cholesterol concentrations and mortality: A quantitative review of primary prevention trials","volume":"301","author":"Muldoon","year":"1990","journal-title":"British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.8.863","article-title":"Seasonal variation in serum cholesterol levels: Treatment implications and possible mechanisms","volume":"164","author":"Ockene","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00236-7","article-title":"Cyclic time patterns of death from suicide in northern Finland","volume":"78","author":"Partonen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00411-6","article-title":"Seasonal variation in specific methods of suicide: A national register study of 20,234 Finnish people","volume":"71","author":"R\u00e4s\u00e4nen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30780-3","article-title":"Seasonal variation in plasma cholesterol distributions: Implications for screening and referral","volume":"8","author":"Rastam","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/09585180210123212","article-title":"Seclusion treatment measures and serum cholesterol levels among Finnish male forensic psychiatric patients","volume":"13","author":"Repo-Tiihonen","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00996947","article-title":"Seasonal variation in serum cholesterol levels in health screening populations from the U.K. and Japan","volume":"17","author":"Robinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(03)00165-3","article-title":"Increasing seasonality of suicide in Australia 1970\u20131999","volume":"120","author":"Rock","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/24.3.219","article-title":"Trends in violence in England and Wales 1995\u20132000: An accident and emergency perspective","volume":"24","author":"Sivarajasingam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(87)90040-1","article-title":"Seasonality of suicides: Environmental, sociological and biological covariations","volume":"13","author":"Souetre","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.12.1711","article-title":"Seasonal variation in the occurrence of homicide in Finland","volume":"154","author":"Tiihonen","year":"1997","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Law and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160252709001162?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160252709001162?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T22:35:19Z","timestamp":1531175719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160252709001162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0160252709001162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.10.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-2527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-2527","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}}}