{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:07:00Z","timestamp":1790971620930,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Law and Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T14:23:40Z","timestamp":1765203820000},"page":"102165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ethical, clinical, and legal challenges of mental health care in prisons: between constraints and clinical integrity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Bruna Paulino","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Pinto da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Pollm\u00e4cher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meryam","family":"Schouler-Ocak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Madeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2014-102474","article-title":"The community of the excluded: Mental health and confidentiality in prisons","volume":"41","author":"Adshead","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1001\/journalofethics.2017.19.9.peer3-1709","article-title":"\u201cTeach-to-goal\u201d to better assess informed consent comprehension among incarcerated clinical research participants","volume":"19","author":"Ahalt","year":"2017","journal-title":"AMA Journal of Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-014-9571-z","article-title":"Protecting prisoners\u2019 autonomy with advance directives: Ethical dilemmas and policy issues","volume":"18","author":"Andorno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08060849","article-title":"Assessment and treatment of correctional inmates with ADHD","volume":"165","author":"Appelbaum","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345808322607","article-title":"Correctional mental health research: opportunities and barriers","volume":"14","author":"Appelbaum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Correctional Health Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2009.tb00249.x","article-title":"Mental patients in prisons","volume":"8","author":"Arboleda-Fl\u00f3rez","year":"2009","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1001\/journalofethics.2017.19.9.ecas1-1709","article-title":"What are physicians\u2019 responsibilities to patients whose health conditions can influence their legal proceedings?","volume":"19","author":"Beckmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"AMA Journal of Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10730-018-9365-4","article-title":"On the force-feeding of prisoners on hunger strike","volume":"31","author":"Bendtsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"HEC Forum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-4458-3-24","article-title":"Medication management and practices in prison for people with mental health problems: A qualitative study","volume":"3","author":"Bowen","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1695706","article-title":"Article commentary: an ethical analysis of medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) for persons who are incarcerated","volume":"41","author":"Brezel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Substance Abuse"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.25.6.451","article-title":"Food refusal in prisoners: A communication or a method of self-killing? The role of the psychiatrist and resulting ethical challenges","volume":"25","author":"Brockman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.934837","article-title":"Continuity of mental health care during the transition from prison to the community following brief periods of imprisonment","volume":"13","author":"Browne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0065","series-title":"Oxford textbook of correctional psychiatry","article-title":"Ethics in correctional mental health","author":"Candilis","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0070","article-title":"Dual agency and ethics conflicts in correctional practice: Sources and solutions","volume":"41","author":"Cervantes","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00234-5","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders and violent reoffending: A national cohort study of convicted prisoners in Sweden","volume":"2","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00088-7","article-title":"Substance use disorders, psychiatric disorders, and mortality after release from prison: A nationwide longitudinal cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2011-100083","article-title":"\u2018Equivalence of care\u2019 in prison medicine: Is equivalence of process the right measure of equity?","volume":"38","author":"Charles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2012-101059","article-title":"Prisoners as research participants: Current practice and attitudes in the UK","volume":"42","author":"Charles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/21507716.2011.627082","article-title":"An empirical ethics agenda for psychiatric research involving prisoners","volume":"2","author":"Christopher","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJOB Primary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0100","series-title":"Health care services in prisons","author":"Council of Europe","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0105","series-title":"21st General Report of the CPT (CPT\/Inf(2011)28)","author":"Council of Europe","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01252-w","article-title":"The impact of imprisonment on individuals\u2019 mental health and society reintegration: Study protocol","volume":"11","author":"Cunha","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.13005","article-title":"Assisted suicide for prisoners: An ethical and legal analysis from the Swiss context","volume":"36","author":"Della Croce","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0120","series-title":"Handbook of mental health assessment and treatment in jails (1st ed., pp. 272\u2013288)","article-title":"Legal and Ethical Issues in Mental Health Assessment and Treatment in Jails","author":"DeMatteo","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0125","series-title":"Oxford Textbook of Correctional Psychiatry (p. 0)","article-title":"Community re-entry preparation\/coordination","author":"Dlugacz","year":"2015"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.13043","article-title":"\u2018If we don\u2019t have consent, we need to have beneficence\u2019: Requiring beneficence in nonconsensual neurocorrection","volume":"36","author":"Dore-Horgan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0135","series-title":"Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishmen (United Nations General Assembly A\/HRC\/22\/53; 22nd Session)","author":"E. M\u00e9ndez","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-023-00891-3","article-title":"Equivalence of care, confidentiality, and professional independence must underpin the hospital care of individuals experiencing incarceration","volume":"24","author":"Eichelberger","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Medical Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2011.13273","article-title":"Prison medicine, public health policy and ethics: The Geneva experience","author":"Elger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Swiss Medical Weekly"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1258\/rsmmsl.48.4.307","article-title":"Prisoners\u2019 insomnia: To treat or not to treat? Medical decision-making in places of detention","volume":"48","author":"Elger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medicine, Science and the Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2015.03.007","article-title":"Informing patients about limits to confidentiality: A qualitative study in prisons","volume":"41","author":"Elger","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2013-101981","article-title":"Paternalistic breaches of confidentiality in prison: Mental health professionals\u2019 attitudes and justifications","volume":"41","author":"Elger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0165","author":"European Commission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0170","series-title":"World prison population list","author":"Fair","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00023-9","article-title":"Mental and physical health morbidity among people in prisons: An umbrella review","volume":"9","author":"Favril","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30142-0","article-title":"Mental health of prisoners: Prevalence, adverse outcomes, and interventions","volume":"3","author":"Fazel","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.28.3.156","article-title":"Dementia in prison: Ethical and legal implications","volume":"28","author":"Fazel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30430-3","article-title":"Suicide in prisons: An international study of prevalence and contributory factors","volume":"4","author":"Fazel","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0195","series-title":"Oxford Textbook of Correctional Psychiatry (p. 0)","article-title":"Human rights","author":"Fellner","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2017.05.004","article-title":"Legal and ethical challenges in emergency psychiatry, part 2","volume":"40","author":"Foote","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.909096","article-title":"Assisted dying requests from people in detention: Psychiatric, ethical, and legal considerations\u2013A literature review","volume":"13","author":"Franke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000504","article-title":"Prison mental healthcare: Recent developments and future challenges","volume":"32","author":"Franke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.18176\/resp.00052","article-title":"Mental and behavioral disorders in the prison context","volume":"24","author":"G\u00f3mez-Figueroa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Sanidad Penitenciaria"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1017\/ipm.2017.33","article-title":"Hunger strikes in prisons: A narrative systematic review of ethical considerations from a physician\u2019s perspective","volume":"35","author":"Gulati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-016-9698-0","article-title":"Assaults by mentally disordered offenders in prison: Equity and equivalence","volume":"13","author":"Hales","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2020-106358","article-title":"Neurointerventions and informed consent","volume":"47","author":"Holmen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2017-104692","article-title":"How do policymakers interpret and implement the principle of equivalence with regard to prison health? A qualitative study among key policymakers in England","volume":"44","author":"Ismail","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01076-8","article-title":"Motivation and training needs of prison healthcare professionals: Findings from a qualitative study","volume":"11","author":"Jeker","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1080\/10508422.2015.1011327","article-title":"Mental health research in correctional settings: perceptions of risk and vulnerabilities","volume":"26","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ethics & Behavior"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2014.919365","article-title":"The principle of equivalence reconsidered: Assessing the relevance of the principle of equivalence in prison medicine","volume":"14","author":"Jotterand","year":"2014","journal-title":"The American Journal of Bioethics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32833bb2f2","article-title":"Ethical issues in forensic psychiatry in penal and other correctional facilities","volume":"23","author":"Konrad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0260","article-title":"The shift of psychiatric inpatient care from hospitals to jails and prisons","volume":"33","author":"Lamb","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s11017-018-9439-y","article-title":"Prisoners\u2019 competence to die: Hunger strike and cognitive competence","volume":"39","author":"Lederman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1089\/jchc.20.07.0061","article-title":"Compassion in corrections: The struggle between security and health care","volume":"27","author":"Lehrer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Correctional Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jlb\/lsad009","article-title":"The various faces of vulnerability: Offering neurointerventions to criminal offenders","volume":"10","author":"Ligthart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Law and the Biosciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.08.015","article-title":"Medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorders in correctional settings: An ethics review","volume":"25","author":"Ludwig","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0285","series-title":"Oxford textbook of correctional psychiatry","article-title":"Mental health screening and brief assessments","author":"Maloney","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345816634327","article-title":"Diagnostic error in correctional mental health: Prevalence, causes, and consequences","volume":"22","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Correctional Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-021-00688-2","article-title":"Forensic mental health professionals\u2019 perceptions of their dual loyalty conflict: Findings from a qualitative study","volume":"22","author":"Merkt","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Medical Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.592638","article-title":"Court-mandated patients\u2019 perspectives on the psychotherapist\u2019s dual loyalty conflict \u2013 Between ally and enemy","volume":"11","author":"Merkt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.01.023","article-title":"Endorsement of European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia by the World Sleep Society","volume":"81","author":"Morin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02687-9","article-title":"Challenges in providing ethically competent health care to incarcerated older adults with mental illness: A qualitative study exploring mental health professionals\u2019 perspectives in Canada","volume":"21","author":"Mussie","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2006.018077","article-title":"Relevance and limits of the principle of \u201cequivalence of care\u201d in prison medicine","volume":"33","author":"Niveau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-018-0266-5","article-title":"Forensic psychiatry, one subspecialty with two ethics? A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Niveau","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2004.006973","article-title":"The physician and prison hunger strikes: Reflecting on the experience in Turkey","volume":"31","author":"Oguz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.899","article-title":"Mentally ill individuals in limbo: Obstacles and opportunities for providing psychiatric services to corrections inmates with mental illness","volume":"27","author":"Olley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.47146","article-title":"Association of mental health services access and reincarceration among adults released from prison in British Columbia, Canada","volume":"5","author":"Palis","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1001\/journalofethics.2017.19.9.ecas3-1709","article-title":"How should a health care professional respond to an incarcerated patient\u2019s request for a particular treatment?","volume":"19","author":"Peteet","year":"2017","journal-title":"AMA Journal of Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2016-104093","article-title":"Should neurotechnological treatments offered to offenders always be in their best interests?","volume":"44","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2016-103492","article-title":"Should violent offenders be forced to undergo neurotechnological treatment? A critical discussion of the \u2018freedom of thought\u2019 objection","volume":"43","author":"Petersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0355","article-title":"Decisions to breach confidentiality when prisoners report violations of institutional rules","volume":"37","author":"Pinta","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-022-00183-9","article-title":"\u201cI was reaching out for help and they did not help me\u201d: Mental healthcare in the carceral state","volume":"10","author":"Preston","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health & Justice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPH-07-2019-0036","article-title":"A right to die for prisoners?","volume":"16","author":"Reichstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Prisoner Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2013.03.036","article-title":"White coated healer or black coated executioner: Health professionals and capital punishment","volume":"20","author":"Rix","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4321\/S1575-06202014000100002","article-title":"Study of coercive measures in prisons and secure psychiatric hospitals: The views of inmates and caregivers","volume":"16","author":"Runte-Geidel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Sanidad Penitenciaria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1095743","article-title":"Highly varying concepts and capacities of forensic mental health services across the European Union","volume":"11","author":"Salize","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1001\/journalofethics.2017.19.9.peer1-1709","article-title":"Ethics students go to the jail","volume":"19","author":"Schirokauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"AMA Journal of Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345815618392","article-title":"Expert opinion and recommendations for the management of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in correctional facilities","volume":"22","author":"Scott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Correctional Health Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732318762370","article-title":"County jail or psychiatric hospital? Ethical challenges in correctional mental health care","volume":"28","author":"Segal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-017-0189-6","article-title":"Ethics of health research with prisoners in Canada","volume":"18","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-014-9560-1","article-title":"Ethics, the law, and prisoners: Protecting society, changing human behavior, and protecting human rights","volume":"11","author":"Trestman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2014.918208","article-title":"On the reconceptualization of health","volume":"14","author":"Tsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"The American Journal of Bioethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0415","series-title":"United Nations standard minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules)","author":"United Nations","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0420","author":"United Nations General Assembly"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1001\/journalofethics.2017.19.9.stas1-1709","article-title":"Why it\u2019s inappropriate not to treat incarcerated patients with opioid agonist therapy","volume":"19","author":"Wakeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"AMA Journal of Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-014-9546-z","article-title":"Disclosure of past crimes: An analysis of mental health professionals\u2019 attitudes toward breaching confidentiality","volume":"11","author":"Wangmo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Bioethical Inquiry"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01372-2","article-title":"Pharmacological approaches to managing violence and aggression in prison populations: Clinical and ethical issues","volume":"80","author":"Weightman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0440","series-title":"Oxford textbook of correctional psychiatry","first-page":"399","article-title":"Correctional mental health research and program evaluation","author":"Wolff","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0445","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0450","series-title":"Strategies to end seclusion and restraint: WHO QualityRights specialized training: course guide","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0455","series-title":"Status report on prison health in the WHO European Region 2022","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0460","author":"World Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0465","author":"World Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0470","author":"World Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0475","author":"World Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0480","author":"World Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0485","author":"World Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0490","author":"World Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0495","author":"World Psychiatric Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0500","article-title":"Ethics dilemmas in managing hunger strikes","volume":"45","author":"Xenakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-021-02308-0","article-title":"ADHD and offending","volume":"128","author":"Young","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1858-9","article-title":"Identification and treatment of offenders with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in the prison population: A practical approach based upon expert consensus","volume":"18","author":"Young","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e164","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30233-4","article-title":"Risk factors for suicide in prisons: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Law and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160252725000986?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160252725000986?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T09:36:15Z","timestamp":1770197775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160252725000986"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":103,"alternative-id":["S0160252725000986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-2527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-2527","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ethical, clinical, and legal challenges of mental health care in prisons: between constraints and clinical integrity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102165","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102165"}}