{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T22:40:18Z","timestamp":1770244818229,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010055","name":"University of Salford Manchester","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Law and Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T20:47:01Z","timestamp":1769028421000},"page":"102189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prescription patterns of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in Berlin prisons"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Schwarzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Konrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Opitz-Welke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"22\u221223","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0005","first-page":"396","article-title":"Psychopharmacological prescriptions in children and adolescents in Germany","volume":"113","author":"Abbas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6933-8","article-title":"Prevalence of prescribed benzodiazepine long-term use in the French general population according to sociodemographic and clinical factors: Findings from the CONSTANCES cohort","volume":"19","author":"Airagnes","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0015","series-title":"Infodrog","article-title":"Jugendliche mit Medikamenten-und Mischkonsum","author":"Bachmann","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-021-00504-5","article-title":"Relationship between benzodiazepine prescription, aggressive behavior, and behavioral disinhibition: A retrospective study in a Swiss prison","volume":"18","author":"Baggio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00794","article-title":"Prevalence of opioid dependence and opioid agonist treatment in the Berlin custodial setting: A cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"von Bernuth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.18m12174","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of benzodiazepine use, misuse, and use disorders among adults in the United States","volume":"79","author":"Blanco","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0035","series-title":"Gef\u00e4ngnisse im Blickpunkt der Kriminologie: Interdisziplin\u00e4re Beitr\u00e4ge zum Strafvollzug und der Wiedereingliederung","first-page":"127","article-title":"Ersetzt Freiheit Geld? Ein empirischer Blick auf die Ersatzfreiheitsstrafe","author":"B\u00f6gelein","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0040","first-page":"282","article-title":"Wie kann die Vermeidung von Ersatzfreiheitsstrafen gelingen? Zur Lebens-situation der Verurteilten und zur Zusammen arbeit staatlicher und nichtstaatlicher Organi sationen","volume":"61","author":"B\u00f6gelein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bew\u00e4hrungshilfe"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1515\/mks-2019-2027","article-title":"Bestandsaufnahme der Ersatzfreiheitsstrafe in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern","volume":"102","author":"B\u00f6gelein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Monatsschrift Kriminologie Strafrechtsreform"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1515\/mks-2021-0137","article-title":"Geldstrafe und Ersatzfreiheitsstrafe in Schweden \u2013 Ein Vergleich mit dem deutschen System","volume":"105","author":"B\u00f6gelein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Monatsschrift Kriminologie Strafrechtsreform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0055","series-title":"The German Criminal Code: A Modern English Translation","author":"Bohlander","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0060","first-page":"18","article-title":"Vollzugsrechtliche Auswirkungen der j\u00fcngsten Revision des Schweizerischen Sanktionenrechts","author":"Br\u00e4gger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schweizerische Zeitschrift Kriminologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0065","article-title":"A comparison of injectable diazepam and lorazepam in the goal-directed management of severe alcohol withdrawal","volume":"10600280231194790","author":"Brickel","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Annals of Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-017-2571-4","article-title":"The use of prescription drugs with dependence potential in Germany : A prospective analysis of prescriptions in the public healthcare system between 2006 and 2010","volume":"60","author":"Buth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031171","article-title":"Nonmedical use of benzodiazepines among immigrant and native-born adolescents in Spain: National Trends and related factors","volume":"18","author":"Carrasco-Garrido","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0080","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0090","series-title":"Ausmass, Profil und Erkl\u00e4rungen der Obdachlosigkeit in acht der gr\u00f6ssten St\u00e4dte der Schweiz (Homelessness in Eight of the Largest Cities in Switzerland. Extend, Profile and Explanations)","author":"Dittmann","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0095","series-title":"Psychopharmakotherapie griffbereit","article-title":"6 AnxiolytikaM","author":"Dreher","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1090217","article-title":"Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in prisoners with a short imprisonment: Results from a prison in North Germany","volume":"36","author":"Dudeck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatrische Praxis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.5771\/0934-9200-2022-3-253","article-title":"Abschaffung oder Reform der Ersatzfreiheitsstrafe?","volume":"34","author":"D\u00fcnkel","year":"2022","journal-title":"NK Neue Kriminalpolitik"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05195-9","article-title":"Prescription drugs with potential for misuse in Irish prisons: Analysis of national prison prescribing trends, by gender and history of opioid use disorder, 2012 to 2020","volume":"23","author":"Durand","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.907","article-title":"Evaluation of drug prescription at the Geneva prison\u2019s outpatient service in comparison to an urban outpatient medical service","volume":"13","author":"Elger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01318404","article-title":"Prescription of hypnotics and tranquilisers at the Geneva prison\u2019s outpatient service in comparison to an urban outpatient medical service","volume":"47","author":"Elger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sozial- und Pr\u00e4ventivmedizin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s40211-024-00503-5","article-title":"On the rise or a return to pre-pandemic levels? A cross-sectional online survey on nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drug use among youth","volume":"38","author":"Fanninger","year":"2024","journal-title":"neuropsychiatrie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0130","article-title":"Exploration of the barriers and enablers of benzodiazepines deprescribing in prisons: A qualitative study among health and social care professionals","author":"Fay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01316.x","article-title":"Substance abuse and dependence in prisoners: A systematic review","volume":"101","author":"Fazel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.38","article-title":"Mental disorders on admission to jail: A study of prevalence and a comparison with a community sample in the north of France","volume":"63","author":"Fovet","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0145","series-title":"Gef\u00e4ngnismedizin - Medizinische Versorgung unter Haftbedingungen","first-page":"120","article-title":"Arzt im Strafvollzug - Kooperation und Widerspruch","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Fritsch","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311X00006113","article-title":"Use of medicines by homeless people in Porto, Portugal","volume":"30","author":"Gama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cadernos de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.924861","article-title":"Exploring the mental healthcare needs of Swiss pre-trial detainees: A pilot investigation of an on-site psychiatric day clinic","volume":"13","author":"Gerth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1055-7","article-title":"Prevalence and appropriateness of psychotropic medication prescribing in a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of male and female prisoners in England","volume":"16","author":"Hassan","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2019.15.1.9","article-title":"Risk of dementia in long-term benzodiazepine users: Evidence from a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0170","article-title":"Benefits and risks of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs: Comparison of perceptions of GPs and community pharmacists in Germany","volume":"11","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"German Medical Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1245354","article-title":"Benzodiazepine: Long term use and addiction","volume":"78","author":"Holzbach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125317696454","article-title":"Long-term use of benzodiazepines in older patients in Germany: A retrospective analysis","volume":"7","author":"Jacob","year":"2017","journal-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0185","first-page":"1","article-title":"The problems of long-term treatment with benzodiazepines and related substances","volume":"112","author":"Janhsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0190","first-page":"00D03","article-title":"Medizinische Versorgung von wohnungslosen Menschen","volume":"20","author":"Kaduszkiewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medizinische"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0195","series-title":"Pharmakologie und Toxikologie","volume":"vol. 21","author":"Karow","year":"2018"},{"issue":"680","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp19X701753","article-title":"Prescribing benzodiazepines in general practice","volume":"69","author":"Kennedy","year":"2019","journal-title":"The British Journal of General Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/17449200500156871","article-title":"Too much or too little? Prescription drug use in a nationwide prison population","volume":"1","author":"Kjelsberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Prisoner Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0210","series-title":"Gef\u00e4ngnismedizin - Medizinische Versorgung unter Haftbedingungen","first-page":"208","article-title":"Psychiatrie","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Konrad","year":"2009"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0215","first-page":"375","article-title":"Prison psychiatry","volume":"25","author":"Konrad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1024\/0040-5930.60.6.335","article-title":"Abuse of benzodiazepines and similar substances","volume":"60","author":"Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1080\/0954026021000046074","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity among young offenders in England and Wales","volume":"15","author":"Lader","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Review of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S290104","article-title":"Benzodiazepine and Z-drug use in Switzerland: Prevalence, prescription patterns and association with adverse healthcare outcomes","author":"Landolt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(03)00112-3","article-title":"Characteristics of inmates receiving prescribed benzodiazepines in a high-security Greek prison","volume":"44","author":"Lekka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldu028","article-title":"The health needs of young people in prison","volume":"112","author":"Lennox","year":"2014","journal-title":"British Medical Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0245","article-title":"Benzodiazepine-receptor agonist utilization in outpatients with anxiety disorder: A retrospective study based on electronic healthcare data from a large general tertiary hospital","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0250","series-title":"Wer ist inhaftiert und warum","author":"Lobitz","year":"2018"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad124","article-title":"Global trends in the consumption of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in 67 countries and regions from 2008 to 2018: A sales data analysis","volume":"46","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0260","article-title":"Changing trends in novel benzodiazepine use within Scottish prisons: Detection, quantitation, prevalence, and modes of use","author":"Marland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Testing and Analysis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.01.009","article-title":"Medical and nonmedical use of prescription benzodiazepine anxiolytics among U.S. high school seniors","volume":"39","author":"McCabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s001150050624","article-title":"Die Inanspruchnahme medizinischer und psychosozialer Dienste durch psychisch erkrankte Obdachlose Ergebnisse einer epidemiologischen Studie: Ergebnisse einer epidemiologischen Studie","volume":"71","author":"Meller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1990.10472194","article-title":"Benzodiazepines: Tolerance, dependence, abuse, and addiction","volume":"22","author":"Miller","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2211-6","article-title":"Disease profiles of detainees in the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland: Gender and age differences in substance abuse, mental health and chronic health conditions","volume":"15","author":"Moschetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0285","first-page":"916","article-title":"Prescription of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs by German general practitioners: A cross-sectional study","volume":"80","author":"Mo\u00dfhammer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0290","series-title":"Handbuch Wohnungs- und Obdachlosigkeit","first-page":"1","article-title":"Wohnungslosigkeit und Kriminalisierung","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-021-03460-4","article-title":"Suicides in the German prison system: Frequency, risk factors, and prevention","volume":"65","author":"Opitz-Welke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00126","article-title":"Editorial: Caring for those who are neglected and forgotten: Psychiatry in prison environments","volume":"11","author":"Opitz-Welke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0305","series-title":"ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders (the): Diagnostic criteria for research","author":"Organization","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0310","article-title":"Phenobarbital for alcohol withdrawal management in the emergency department: A systematic review of direct evidence for the SAEM GRACE initiative","author":"Punia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Academic Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9563(97)90089-3","article-title":"Opioid and benzodiazepine tolerance and dependence: Application of theory to critical care practice","volume":"26","author":"Puntillo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Heart & Lung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0320","series-title":"Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes-und Jugendalters","first-page":"1","article-title":"Substanzgebundener Missbrauch und Abh\u00e4ngigkeit im Kindes-und Jugendalter","author":"Schepker","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1212028","article-title":"Long-term use of benzodiazepines in chronic insomnia: A European perspective","volume":"14","author":"Soyka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.5122","article-title":"Trends in benzodiazepine prescribing for US adolescents and young adults from 2008 to 2019","volume":"176","author":"Toce","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0335","series-title":"Das Gef\u00e4ngnis auf dem Pr\u00fcfstand: Zustand und Zukunft des Strafvollzugs","first-page":"313","article-title":"Kurze Freiheitsstrafen und Ersatzfreiheitsstrafen als Herausforderung an den Strafvollzug \u2013 M\u00f6glichkeiten und Grenzen","author":"Treig","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4321\/S1575-06202007000200002","article-title":"The use of psychotropic drugs in prison (CP Madrid III)","volume":"9","author":"Varela-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Sanidad Penitenciaria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0345","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying tolerance after long-term benzodiazepine use: A future for subtype-selective G A B A A receptor modulators?","volume":"2012","author":"Vinkers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutial Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0350","first-page":"451","article-title":"Z-drugs and their use in drug-facilitated crimes: A review of the literature","volume":"174","author":"Volonnino","year":"2023","journal-title":"La Clinica Terapeutica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0355","series-title":"Kriminologischer Beitrag: Verk\u00fcrzte Ersatzfreiheitsstrafe: Reform gelungen oder zu kurz gegriffen?","author":"Weinand","year":"2023"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20220809-04","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment for pediatric anxiety disorders","volume":"60","author":"Wesemann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmt010","article-title":"Tolerance to benzodiazepines among long-term users in primary care","volume":"30","author":"Willems","year":"2013","journal-title":"Family Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189_bb0370","series-title":"Gef\u00e4ngnismedizin \u2013 Medizinische Versorgung unter Haftbedingungen","first-page":"223","article-title":"Psychiatrischer Konsiliardienst","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Witzel","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Law and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160252726000038?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160252726000038?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T09:34:25Z","timestamp":1770197665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160252726000038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S0160252726000038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-2527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-2527","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prescription patterns of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in Berlin prisons","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijlp.2026.102189","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102189"}}