{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:07:19Z","timestamp":1789556839255,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Dutch Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T18:22:47Z","timestamp":1760552567000},"page":"151679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The development of an Actinomadura madurae grain model in Galleria mellonella larvae"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"321","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9059-6909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shereen O.","family":"Abd Algaffar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2242-8342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annelies","family":"Verbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Eadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Horst-Kreft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2511-7040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami A.","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8652-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy W.J.","family":"van de Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres15030086","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo Wide-Spectrum dual antimycetomal activity of eight essential oils coupled with chemical composition and metabolomic profiling","volume":"15","author":"Abd Algaffar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac367","article-title":"Development and validation of a resazurin assay for in vitro susceptibility testing of actinomadura madurae: a common causative agent of actinomycetoma","volume":"78","author":"Abd Algaffar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib3","first-page":"173","article-title":"Clinical features of mycetoma and the appropriate treatment options","volume":"12","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Rep. Trop. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00096-8","article-title":"A murine model of madurella mycetomatis eumycetoma","volume":"37","author":"Ahmed","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.03028.x","article-title":"Developments in the management of mycetomas","volume":"34","author":"Ameen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"issue":"148","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/59703-v","article-title":"Use of the invertebrate galleria mellonella as an infection model to study the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex","author":"Asai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.619981","article-title":"Innate immune responses of galleria mellonella to mycobacterium bovis BCG challenge identified using proteomic and molecular approaches","volume":"11","author":"Asai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_474_20","article-title":"Actinomycetoma by Actinomadura madurae: clinical characteristics and treatment of 47 cases","volume":"12","author":"Bonifaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib9","article-title":"Actinomycetoma by actinomadura madurae. Clinical and therapeutic characteristics of 18 cases with two treatment modalities","author":"Bonifaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib10","first-page":"210","article-title":"Interaction of neomycin, tobramycin and amikacin with melanin in vitro in relation to aminoglycosides-induced ototoxicity","volume":"62","author":"Buszman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008123","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and treatment of actinomycetoma in northeast Mexico: a case series","volume":"14","author":"C\u00e1rdenas-de la Garza","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01023-08","article-title":"Efficacy of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin against nocardia brasiliensis in vitro and in an experimental model of actinomycetoma in BALB\/c mice","volume":"53","author":"Chacon-Moreno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008397","article-title":"The global distribution of actinomycetoma and eumycetoma","volume":"14","author":"Emery","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000696","article-title":"Evaluation of greater wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella, as a novel in vivo model for non-tuberculosis mycobacteria infections and antibiotic treatments","volume":"67","author":"Entwistle","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.3.832-837.2004","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo activities of antimicrobials against Nocardia brasiliensis","volume":"48","author":"Gomez-Flores","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004022","article-title":"In vivo activity of the benzothiazinones PBTZ169 and BTZ043 against nocardia brasiliensis","volume":"9","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(81)90003-7","article-title":"Experimental mycetoma infection in the goat","volume":"91","author":"Gumaa","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib18","article-title":"Histological diagnosis of madura foot (Mycetoma): a must for definitive treatment","volume":"1","author":"Kiran Alam","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Glob. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003926","article-title":"A Madurella mycetomatis grain model in Galleria mellonella larvae","volume":"9","author":"Kloezen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib20","unstructured":"Kwon-Chung, K.J.., Bennett, J.E. Medical Mycology. 1992. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 9780812114638 http:\/\/books.google.nl\/books?id=MB9rAAAAMAAJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2018.1491255","article-title":"Galleria mellonella - a novel infection model for the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myad070","article-title":"A Falciformispora senegalensis grain model in Galleria mellonella larvae","volume":"61","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(56)90005-0","article-title":"The main species of pathogenic aerobic actinomycetes causing mycetomas","volume":"50","author":"MacKinnon","year":"1956","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/00362177885380281","article-title":"Experimental infection of athymic nude New Zealand mice, nu nu strain with mycetoma agents","volume":"16","author":"Mahgoub","year":"1978","journal-title":"Sabouraudia"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13142367","article-title":"European union legislation for the welfare of animals used for scientific purposes: areas identified for further discussion","volume":"13","author":"Marinou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13008","article-title":"Eumycetoma and actinomycetoma - an update on causative agents, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy","volume":"29","author":"Nenoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10121545","article-title":"Galleria mellonella: the versatile host for drug discovery, in vivo toxicity testing and characterising host-pathogen interactions","volume":"10","author":"Piatek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.06307-11","article-title":"Nocardia brasiliensis induces an immunosuppressive microenvironment that favors chronic infection in BALB\/c mice","volume":"80","author":"Rosas-Taraco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/00362177885380291","article-title":"Mycetomas in goats","volume":"16","author":"Samia","year":"1978","journal-title":"Sabouraudia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04340-6","article-title":"Galleria mellonella immune melanization is fungicidal during infection","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002550","article-title":"Global burden of human mycetoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Van de Sande","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002918","article-title":"Merits and pitfalls of currently used diagnostic tools in mycetoma","volume":"8","author":"Van de Sande","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00034-23","article-title":"An updated list of eumycetoma causative agents and their differences in grain formation and treatment response","volume":"37","author":"van de Sande","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a018580","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a018580","article-title":"Animal models of tuberculosis: zebrafish","volume":"5","author":"van Leeuwen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003218","article-title":"Mycetoma medical therapy","volume":"8","author":"Welsh","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.06.027","article-title":"Actinomycetoma and advances in its treatment","volume":"30","author":"Welsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1438422125000359?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1438422125000359?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T22:32:54Z","timestamp":1773181974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1438422125000359"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S1438422125000359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679","relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-4221"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-4221","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The development of an Actinomadura madurae grain model in Galleria mellonella larvae","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmm.2025.151679","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"151679"}}