{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:51:42Z","timestamp":1788202302107,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T23:19:45Z","timestamp":1744931985000},"page":"100855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Group A Streptococcus vaccine Development: An Indian public health imperative"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Vijay","family":"Moses","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"B","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rani D.","family":"Sahni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binesh","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkata","family":"Raghava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indranil","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Dhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib1","unstructured":"Iyer V, Sagar V, Toor D, Lyngdoh V, Nongrum G, Kapoor M, et al. Group A Streptococcus infections: their mechanisms, epidemiology, and current scope of vaccines. Cureus 14:e33146."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib2","first-page":"429","article-title":"Group A Streptococcus. Hunt","author":"Hand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy764","article-title":"WHO Resolution on rheumatic heart disease","volume":"39","author":"White","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac210","article-title":"Harmonizing surveillance methodologies for group A streptococcal diseases","volume":"9","author":"Moore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30446-3","article-title":"Emergence of dominant toxigenic M1T1 Streptococcus pyogenes clone during increased scarlet fever activity in England: a population-based molecular epidemiological study","volume":"19","author":"Lynskey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-012467","article-title":"Research priorities for the primordial prevention of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease by modifying the social determinants of health","volume":"8","author":"Baker","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_16","article-title":"Molecular biology of group A Streptococcus and its implications in vaccine strategies","volume":"35","author":"Brahmadathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00865-7","article-title":"Pathogenesis, epidemiology and control of Group A Streptococcus infection","volume":"21","author":"Brouwer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2024.2412745","article-title":"The intricate pathogenicity of group a Streptococcus: a comprehensive update","author":"Bergsten","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1179","article-title":"Characterization and identification of vaccine candidate proteins through analysis of the group A Streptococcus surface proteome","volume":"24","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ortega","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00059","article-title":"Prevalent emm types among invasive GAS in Europe and north America since year 2000","volume":"6","author":"Gherardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofw243","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw243","article-title":"High incidence of invasive group A streptococcal infections in remote indigenous communities in northwestern ontario, Canada","volume":"4","author":"Bocking","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.02.005","article-title":"Distribution of emm types and macrolide resistance determinants among group A streptococci in the Middle East and North Africa region","volume":"22","author":"Rafei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib14","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of noninvasive and invasive group A streptococcal infections in cape town","volume":"4","author":"Barth","year":"2019","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3201\/eid15\/2.080558","article-title":"Prospective surveillance of invasive group A streptococcal disease, Fiji, 2005\u20132007","volume":"15","author":"Steer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-8085-2","article-title":"Invasive group A Streptococcus disease in Australian children: 2016 to 2018 \u2013 a descriptive cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Oliver","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib17","first-page":"110","article-title":"Group A Streptococcus virulence factors genes in north India & their association with emm type in pharyngitis","volume":"133","author":"Dhanda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2079-9","article-title":"Molecular characterization and evaluation of the emerging antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes from eastern India","volume":"16","author":"Ray","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.06.018","article-title":"Comparative analysis of emm types, superantigen gene profiles and antibiotic resistance genes among Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from ocular infections, pharyngitis and asymptomatic children in south India","volume":"19","author":"Balaji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06697-11","article-title":"Clinical and microbiologic characteristics of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections in north and South India","volume":"50","author":"Haggar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1086\/426443","article-title":"High diversity of group A streptococcal emm types in an Indian community: the need to tailor multivalent vaccines","volume":"40","author":"Dey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00112-12","article-title":"Variability in the distribution of genes encoding virulence factors and putative extracellular proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes in India, a region with high streptococcal disease burden, and implication for development of a regional multisubunit vaccine","volume":"19","author":"Sagar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2874","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and virulence characteristics of prevalent group A streptococci recovered from patients in northern India","volume":"8","author":"Arya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010097","article-title":"Streptococcal superantigens and the return of scarlet fever","volume":"17","author":"Hurst","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.1.298","article-title":"Severe streptococcal infections in historical perspective","volume":"14","author":"Katz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis. Off. Publ. Infect. Dis. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30231-7","article-title":"Resurgence of scarlet fever in China: a 13-year population-based surveillance study","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5018","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18700-5","article-title":"Prophage exotoxins enhance colonization fitness in epidemic scarlet fever-causing Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"11","author":"Brouwer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1969.03150190037007","article-title":"Rheumatic fever following streptococcal vaccination. Report of three cases","volume":"207","author":"Massell","year":"1969","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0417-8","article-title":"Atlas of group A streptococcal vaccine candidates compiled using large-scale comparative genomics","volume":"51","author":"Davies","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e181","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00318-X","article-title":"Global Streptococcus pyogenes strain diversity, disease associations, and implications for vaccine development: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Smeesters","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2171-2177.2002","article-title":"Immunogenicity of a 26-valent group A streptococcal vaccine","volume":"70","author":"Hu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.12.005","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a 30-valent M protein-based group a streptococcal vaccine in healthy adult volunteers: a randomized, controlled phase I study","volume":"38","author":"Pastural","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.09.005","article-title":"New 30-valent M protein-based vaccine evokes cross-opsonic antibodies against non-vaccine serotypes of group A streptococci","volume":"29","author":"Dale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.643317","article-title":"StreptInCor, a group A streptococcal adsorbed vaccine: evaluation of repeated intramuscular dose toxicity testing in rats","volume":"8","author":"de S\u00e1-Rocha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1086\/374800","article-title":"Protection against group A Streptococcus by immunization with J8-diphtheria toxoid: contribution of J8- and diphtheria toxoid-specific antibodies to protection","volume":"187","author":"Batzloff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8558","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228558","article-title":"Rational design of a glycoconjugate vaccine against group A Streptococcus","volume":"21","author":"Di Benedetto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/IM9.0000000000000044","article-title":"Site-specific conjugation of cell wall polyrhamnose to protein SpyAD envisioning a safe universal group A streptococcal vaccine","volume":"3","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Microbes Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00122-20","article-title":"Vaccine-induced Th1-type response protects against invasive group A Streptococcus infection in the absence of opsonizing antibodies","volume":"11","author":"Rivera-Hernandez","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00618-16","article-title":"Differing efficacies of lead group A streptococcal vaccine candidates and full-length M protein in cutaneous and invasive disease models","volume":"7","author":"Rivera-Hernandez","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83673-4","article-title":"A multivalent T-antigen-based vaccine for Group A Streptococcus","volume":"11","author":"Loh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0255085725000684?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0255085725000684?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T15:49:11Z","timestamp":1749916151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0255085725000684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0255085725000684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855","relation":{},"ISSN":["0255-0857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0255-0857","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Group A Streptococcus vaccine Development: An Indian public health imperative","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2025.100855","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100855"}}